ASSESSMENT OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN RAND WATER’S AREA OF SUPPLY

1. ASSESSMENT OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN RAND WATER’S AREA OF SUPPLY PRESENTATION TO: WATER SERVICES FORUM PRESENTATION BY: SHUNTELLE GOW DATE: 25 MAY 2016

2. BACKGROUND • In November 2009, Rand Water applied for an increased abstraction license from the Vaal Dam. • DWS response in November 2012 indicated that no application from Rand Water for abstraction rights in excess of 1600 million cubic meters per annum (Mm³/a) will be approved prior to the completion of Phase 2 of the Lesotho Highlands augmentation scheme • Rand Water should provide a new application that is supported by its customers in terms of specific plans to manage demand, as well as the processes and protocols to be followed in the event of failure to limit demands and/or the need to apply restrictions • By 2013, the demand on Rand Water systems and the abstraction rate had already exceeded the 1600 Mm³/a limit

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT Service a growing water demand with current supply levels until possibly 2024 only achievable through WDM Rand Water must assist our customers to improve water use efficiencies.

6. STRATEGIC ROLE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR WATER CONSERVATION AND WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT Rand Water’s role in terms of the National Strategy is shown in the adjacent diagram

7. SUPPORT TO MUNICIPALITIES • Utilize the Rand Water bulk meter information to: • Develop a tool to scientifically determine the water use efficiencies in Rand Water’s Area of Service and on which demand projections and targets could be based • Assess municipal consumption and growth in demand, • Understand end-consumer consumption patterns • Establishment of an integrated planning, WC/WDM forum with top 5 municipalities (Forums established with EMM and CoT). The main objectives from a WDM perspective are the following:

8. SUPPORT TO MUNICIPALITIES • Formalize partnerships for support and implementation of water conservation and demand management projects • 3-year agreement with Rustenburg Local Municipality - Development of a WC/WDM business plan and prioritization of high impact projects. Agreement in place until May 2016 • Assessed and developed the WC/WDM business plan for Emfuleni Local Municipality. Submitted application for funding • Appointed by DWS for the assessment and development of a WC/WDM business plan for the Western Highveld Region. Rand Water was appointed as Implementing Agent for the implementation of the project • Co-ordinate and consolidate regional public education and awareness campaigns targeting the priority areas identified by the water use efficiency model (e.g. ‘Be the Hero’ campaign)

9. STRATEGIC ROLE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR WATER CONSERVATION AND WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT Rand Water’s role in terms of the National Strategy is shown in the adjacent diagram

10. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • a. Development of a decision-making tool - water use efficiency model • Water use efficiency model developed by Rand Water • Based on the scientific determination of a normal/expected demand and comparison with actual consumption • Developed 300 categories and assigned a normal consumption to each • Ratio of current/actual consumption to normal demand is defined as water use efficiency index (WUEI) and colour graded as follows:

11. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • Basis for the model includes: • Determination of a ‘normal’ or theoretical water use per sub place, rolled up per metering area and ultimately to municipal level • ‘normal’ water use – based on planning guidelines (Red Book), Census 2011 and infrastructure data on GIS, master planning principles/information obtained from municipalities and their service providers

12. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • Determination of Normal Use - Level of service factors

13. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT

14. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • Determination of actual consumption: • Rand Water sales information for 2013/2014 was obtained and linked to respective supply meters on GIS • Meter and sales volumes were extracted for Sub Places, rolled up into DMAs and ultimately to Municipality level • Ratio of actual consumption to a normal/expected use is referred to as Water Use Efficiency Index (WUEI)

15. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • WUEI of 1 and below are good and is indicative of consumption levels that are close to the typical or expected demand • WUEI greater than 1 indicate consumption levels that exceed the expected demand and may be due to inefficient water use practices and or losses.

16. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT

17. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • Potential residential water use reduction (based on 2014)

18. NEXT STEPS

19. NEXT STEPS

20. WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT • Stakeholder engagement process: • Internal • SALGA • Municipalities • City of Johannesburg through it entity Johannesburg Water • Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality • City of Tshwane • Emfuleni Local Municipality • Merafong City Local Municipality • Rustenburg Local Municipality • Mogale City Local Municipality • Metsimaholo Local Municipality • Randfontein Local Municaipality • Westonaria Local Municipality • Water Services Forum • Other: • Vaal River Strategic Steering Committee • Water Leakage Summit at DBSA in August 2015

21. APPLICATION OF THE MODEL • The water use model provides an overview of the efficiencies in Rand Water’s Area of Supply • Utilize scientific model to implement water demand management interventions on a regional level: • Determination of demand or reduction targets for the municipal customers (or the region) as required by new licensing conditions • Determination and implementation of supply quotas during emergency situations (e.g. restrictions, high demand periods, etc.) • Design and implementation of stepped-tariff to reduce inefficient water use • Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of WDM programmes implemented by municipal customers • Develop into a Regional Management Information System

22. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND • Analysis of historical consumption (20yrs) , growth in demand and projected growth • Analyze and understand factors resulting in the decline in consumption – identify good practices that yield results, consider sustainability of interventions towards achieving the 1600 Mm³/annum abstraction limit, etc. • Analyze increase in consumption on meter level, identify opportunities for demand management • Holistic assessment of factors for growth in demand (as shown in diagram)

23. FACTORS FOR GROWTH

24. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND

25. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND • Example:

26. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND • Example:

27. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND • Example:

28. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND • Example:

29. ANALYSIS OF END-CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS • Some of Rand Water’s meters are on direct connections, i.e. without reservoirs downstream of the meters • This enables Rand Water to measure the actual consumption patterns of the end-user • Rand Water has logged a number of these meters over 7-day periods in 2014 and 2015. Based on the flow pattern, 34 meters were identified as direct supply meters – impact of mode of operations needs to be confirmed with the respective municipalities • This analysis was also driven by the need for closer cooperation and sharing of information between water services authorities and providers in the Province

30. ANALYSIS OF END-CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS • Minimum Night Flow (MNF) analysis was done on the 34 direct meters • Is a common method used to evaluate water losses in a water network. • The ratio of MNF to average daily flow is often used as a rough indicator of leakage levels. • A target value of around 20% would normally be considered in the industry as acceptable

31. ANALYSIS OF END-CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS Example: Minimum Night flow analysis on direct meters Direct Meter 1 Direct Meter 2

32. ANALYSIS OF END-CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS About 10% or RW total supply

33. ANALYSIS OF END-CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS

34. ANALYSIS OF END-CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS • Categories of MNF

35. COMPARISON WITH SUPPLY VOLUMES

36. MNF AND WUE MODEL • In comparison with water use efficiency model developed by Rand Water, the majority of the 34 selected meters (about 21) are located in the low and no efficiency areas. • The likelihood is great that the MNF of these meters are mainly attributed to losses in distribution systems and end-user properties • A breakdown of the MNF into components was done using South African Night flow user guide principles, WRC reports, Water balance information from DWS website and Rand Water model

37. COMPONENTS OF MNF • The losses are predominantly on properties.

38. IMPLICATIONS The financial implication is for municipalities but represents an indirect/potential impact on Rand Water

39. RECOMMENDATIONS • Reduction of distribution losses • Improved management through sectorization, water balance and response to leaks – (know network, utilize all available information optimally) • Active and passive leakage control (don’t ignore simple methods) • Pressure management (highly effective WDM intervention) • Reduction of customer leakage (where the majority of losses occurs) • Retrofitting household plumbing fittings • Installation of water efficient devices • Public education and awareness campaigns

40. CONCLUSION • RW has a better understanding of the water use patterns and inefficiencies in its Area of Supply • Able to have focused sessions with municipalities/customers on demand and planning issues • Development of the scientific model enables Rand Water to fulfill its role in accordance with the National WC/WDM strategy of DWS • Participate and facilitate the integration of bulk supply planning for the region • Facilitate the development of demand targets – scientifically determined

41. CONCLUSION • Identify and prioritize high demand areas for further investigation • Assist in the identification of appropriate WC/WDM programmes/measures to be implemented • Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of WC/WDM programmes implemented in the area of supply • Implementation of appropriate water demand management interventions that is determined scientifically for the region, e.g. bulk stepped-tariff or supply quotas during emergencies or when restrictions are imposed

42. IN A NUTSHELL….. A systematic and scientific approach is used by Rand Water that ensures water demand management is applied equitably across its customer base.

43. Thank You