Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Building 111

1. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryBuilding 111 Mike Holda Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (510) 486-6358 or (209) 835-8150, maholda@lbl.gov or holda@tracy.com

2. LLNL Building 111 • Originally designed as the Experimental Physics Building • Built in 1966 • Seven stories, 107,000 square feet • Now used as administrative offices & research support space

3. LLNL Building 111Original HVAC and Lighting Equipment • Two 225 ton Carrier electric chillers • 1.0 + kW/ton efficiency, CFC-11 refrigerant • Two gas-fired hot water boilers for heating • Two constant volume air handling systems • For east wing, south wing & interior • Bypassed VAV air handlers and VFD motors • Fluorescent light fixtures with T-12 lamps

4. 23-year-old inefficient chillers in need of overhaul using CFC refrigerants, 1.0+ kW/ton Poor air quality and building comfort Air system was out of balance Economizers stuck open High temperature hot water reheat system with supply temperature reset (didn’t work) Less efficient T-12 lamps Lighting levels unnecessarily high in hallways Substantial unoccupied time with lights left on LLNL Building 111Project Scenario

5. LLNL Building 111Project Challenges • Fragmented funding for projects • In-House Energy Management funding for measures with simple paybacks of < 10 years • Work presented here was actually done in Three separate projects • Chiller replacements • Lighting retrofits • HVAC System Improvements

6. LLNL Building 111System Solutions • (2) Chillers replaced • (2) new 200 ton chillers, one chiller redundant • New VAV’s & VFD’s added to air system with zone level control • 250 zones • Economizer controls • New T-8 lighting, occupancy sensors, LED exit signs

7. LLNL Building 111Chiller Replacement • Done in 1994 • New McQuay centrifugal chillers • 0.65 kW/ton • R-134a • 200 tons • Expected to save 151,400 kWh per year

8. LLNL Building 111Air System Improvements • Done in 1996 • Converted fixed balancing dampers • To variable/automatic actuating dampers • Used exist pneumatic controls • Could not afford new VAV boxes • Air flow controlled in each zone • Variable volume terminal boxes hooked up to existing zone heater thermostats • New VFD to control fan motors on east, west, south & interior system • Economizer controls

9. LLNL Building 111Lighting Improvements • Done in 1995 • Delamped fixtures • Overlit building, especially in corridors • Reduced number of lamps per fixture from 3 to 2, or 6 to 3, or 8 to 4 • Replaced existing T-12 lighting • New T-8 fluorescents, electronic ballasts • LED fixtures replaced incandescent and fluorescent exit signs • Occupancy sensors used to turn off lights in offices, corridors, etc.

10. LLNL Building 111Electrical Energy Savings

11. LLNL Building 111Integrated Economics • Measures with lower paybacks reduce the overall project payback period

12. LLNL Building 111Financing Structure • In-House Energy Management Funds from US DOE used for: • Chiller Replacements • Lighting retrofits • HVAC System improvements • Appropriations from US DOE, no financing charges

13. LLNL Building 111Project Timeline

14. LLNL Building 111Project Results • Saved over $73,000 annually on utility bills • ~40% of total bill • New chillers without CFC’s • use R-134a, an HFC • Improved air quality & comfort • Increased efficiency of HVAC System

15. LLNL Building 111Lessons Learned • Projects not planned & executed together • Reduced cooling load not accounted for in new chiller sizing • Incremental funding with lots of paperwork and hassles • Super-ESPC’s developed to address these problems