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药效学 Pharmacodynamics, PD

E. 量 - 效曲线. D. C. T. Pharmacodynamics. 药效学 Pharmacodynamics, PD. drug. body. Pharmacokinetics, PK 药动学. C-T 曲线. 量 - 效关系和量效曲线 Dose-effect relationship Dose-effect curves. 西安交通大学医学院药理学系 袁秉祥 029-82657724. Pharmacodynamics. Dose-response relationship.

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药效学 Pharmacodynamics, PD

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  1. E 量-效曲线 D C T Pharmacodynamics 药效学 Pharmacodynamics, PD drug body Pharmacokinetics, PK 药动学 C-T曲线

  2. 量-效关系和量效曲线Dose-effect relationship Dose-effect curves 西安交通大学医学院药理学系 袁秉祥 029-82657724

  3. Pharmacodynamics Dose-response relationship 量-效关系Dose-effect relationship ☆量反应(graded response) 药物效应依赖剂量连续量的变化,以测量数据(如血压、心率)及其均数( )表示。 ☆质反应(quantal response) 药物效应依赖剂量全或无质的变化(如有效/无效、死亡/存活、yes/no),以频数(frequency)或率(%)表示。

  4. Graded response Pharmacodynamics 一、量反应 Graded response 连续量的变化 (continous and quantitative)

  5. E Emax hyperbola 双曲线 E symmetry S curve(对称S曲线) lgD (C) KD D (C) Graded response Pharmacodynamics 1. 量反应及其量-效曲线(dose-effect curve ) 50% threshold dose(阈剂量) maximal dose(极量) minimal toxic dose (最小中度量) ↓↘↙ ├─┴┴─────┴─╂─┴───┴── D (C) ↑ common dose (常用量) minimal lethal dose (最小致死量)

  6. 1) 效能(efficacy):药物产生效应的能力,用最大效 应(maximal effect, Emax)表示。 2) 效价强度(potency):等效剂量,用产生50% Emax所需剂量(KD)表示。KD↑→ Potency↓ 3) 斜率(slope): 50% (16%~84%) Emax附近量效曲线的 斜率。slope↑→range of common dose↓→less safety Graded response Pharmacodynamics 2、量反应参数 Emax E KD D (C)

  7. 4)阈剂量(threshold dose):起效的最小剂量。 5)极量(maximal dose):药典规定药物的最大剂量。 6)常用量(common dose):常用的剂量范围,大多数病人有效的剂量 maximal dose>common dose>threshold dose Graded response Pharmacodynamics 2、量反应参数 common dose(常用量) ├─┴┴─────┴─╂─┴───┴── D (C) threshold dose(阈剂量) maximal dose (极量)

  8. E B AC lgD (C) Graded response Pharmacodynamics potency: efficacy: threshold dose: slope: A>B>C B>C >A C>B>A A=B>C

  9. Emax Emax E E 50% 50% KD pD2 [D] -lg [D] b: slope a: intercept [D] Pharmacodynamics Drug-receptor 3、量-效曲线与受体动力学 [D] 1 KD ──=─── [D]+─── E Emax Emax Y = b x + a Scott比值法

  10. Pharmacodynamics Drug-receptor 1)受体动力学参数 ☆ 亲和力(affinity):药物(激动药)与受体结合的能力,用产生50%Emax(结合50%受体)时游离药物的摩尔浓度(解离常数KD)表示。 KD↑→ affinity↓ (potency↓) pD2 = -lgKD pD2↑→ affinity↑ ☆ 内在活性(Intrinsic activity):药物结合受体后产生效应的能力。用最大效应(Emax)表示。 Emax↑→ Intrinsic activity↑(afficacy↑)

  11. E B C A lgD (C) Graded response Pharmacodynamics affinity: Intrinsic activity: A>B>C pD2: A>B>C KD: C>B>A B>C >A

  12. Pharmacodynamics Drug-receptor 2)受体药物分类 agonist partial agonist antagonist Inverse agonist

  13. AA+B'A+B ̋ E pA2=-log B´ KD0KDx KDx 1 2 3 [D] (agonist) Pharmacodynamics Drug-receptor 3) 竞争性拮抗(competitive antagonism) ① 激动药(内源性配体)- 竞争性拮抗药 (agonist-competitive antagonist) 拮抗药使激动药曲线发生 a. 曲线平行右移 b. 阈浓度增加 c. Emax不变 50% Emax pA2:表示拮抗药的亲和力。效应不变(50% Emax ),使激动药浓度增加一倍(KDx /KD0=2)时拮抗药摩尔浓度的负对数。

  14. Pharmacodynamics Drug-receptor ② 激动药-部分激动药 (agonist-partial agonist) E A A+P' A+P'' [D] (agonist) 部分激动药(partial agonist)使激动药曲线发生: 激 动 药 浓度小:曲线左移,阈浓度减小,部分激动药是激动药 浓度大:曲线右移,Emax不变,部分激动药是拮抗药

  15. 4) 非竞争性拮抗(noncompetitive antagonism) 激动药-非竞争性拮抗药(agonist-noncompetitive antagonist ) 拮抗药使激动药曲线发生 E Emax A A+N1 A+N2 A+N3 a. 阈浓度和KD可不变 b. Emax降低 Emax/2 pD2´=-lgN2 KD [D] (agonist) 阈浓度 pD2':非竞争性拮抗药的亲和力指标。激动药 Emax降低一半时非竞争性拮抗药的摩尔浓度的负对数。

  16. 二、质反应 Quantal Responses 全或无质的变化 (All or None)

  17. 50 40 30 20 10 频数累积曲线 反 应 频 数 频数分布 E cumulative 对数剂量 distribution D Quantal response Pharmacodynamics 1. 质反应及其量-效曲线 ( quantal responses curves) tolerance supersensitivity

  18. Quantal response Pharmacodynamics 1)累积量-效曲线(cumulative curve) F (frequency) (%) F (%) P (probit) D lgD lgD a straight line a symmetry S curve a long tail S curve 2)分布曲线(distribution curve) F F D lgD normal distribution skew distribution

  19. Quantal response Pharmacodynamics 2、质反应参数 E(%) effective death 100% 95% 50% 5% dose ED50 ED95 LD5 LD50 Therapeutic index(TI) = LD50/ED50 Safety index (SI)=LD5/ED95

  20. Quantal response Pharmacodynamics 引起一半试验动物有效的药物剂量。ED50↑→ TI ↓ →safety↓ 半数有效量(median effective dose, ED50 ) 半数死亡量(median lethal dose, LD50) 引起一半试验动物死亡的药物剂量。LD50↑→ TI ↑→ safety↑ 治疗指数(therapeutic index, TI) TI=LD50/ED50 是衡量药物安全性的指标。TI ↑→ safety↑ 安全指数(safety index, SI) SI=LD5/ED95 是衡量药物安全性的指标,SI ↑→ safety↑

  21. Pharmacodynamics 思考题 思考题 1)从以下量-效曲线可以提示那些实验结论? A药是受体激动药 B药是受体拮抗药 A与B竞争性结合同样受体 测定A药的亲和力和内在活性 (pD2, Emax) 测定B药的亲和力(pA2) AA+B'A+B ̋ E KD0KD1 KD2 1 2 3 [D] (agonist)

  22. Pharmacodynamics 思考题 思考题 2)量效关系参数对应关系 效能 效价强度 KD pD2 pA2 Emax 亲和力 内在活性

  23. Thanks西安交通大学医学院药理学系029-82857724;ybx@xjtu.edu.cnThanks西安交通大学医学院药理学系029-82857724;ybx@xjtu.edu.cn

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