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Racing Engine Technology & Ethanol as a Performance Racing Fuel

Racing Engine Technology & Ethanol as a Performance Racing Fuel. Robert L. Colesworthy. Advanced Engineering & Technology Conference. 12/3/07. Racing Engine Technology. Speaker, Robert L. Colesworthy Does rod length really affect engine torque? Are aluminum blocks better than cast iron?

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Racing Engine Technology & Ethanol as a Performance Racing Fuel

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  1. Racing Engine Technology & Ethanol as a Performance Racing Fuel Robert L. Colesworthy Advanced Engineering & Technology Conference 12/3/07

  2. Racing Engine Technology Speaker, Robert L. Colesworthy Does rod length really affect engine torque? Are aluminum blocks better than cast iron? Are aluminum heads better than cast iron? Are gear camshaft drives better than chain or belt drives? Is fuel injection better than carburetion? What makes horsepower? Where to spend your money 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  3. Does rod length really affect engine torque? 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  4. Positives: Weight Repairablity Heat dissipation Negatives: Expansion rate differentials Lower strength Cylinder sleeves Are aluminum blocks better than cast iron? Dart “Big M” ferrous block 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  5. Are aluminum heads better than cast iron? • Positives: • Weight • Ease of porting • Repairablity Negatives: • Expansion rate differentials • Lower strength • Heat dissipation Reher-Morrison “Raptor” BBC Head 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  6. Are gear camshaft drives better than chain or belt drives? • Positives: • Durability Negatives: • Power loss • Noise • Time consumingto change timing 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  7. Is fuel injection better than carburetion? • Fuel Injection Advantages: • Fuel Mileage • Lower Emissions • Cold Startup/Driveablity Carburetor Advantages: • More Horsepower (nat. asp.) • Lower Cost • Easier to Adjust & Service 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  8. What Makes Horsepower? • Formula: • HP=Torque x RPM’s/5252 Increasing Torque: • Increase Engine Displacement • Increase Cylinder Pressures • Reduce Parasitic Losses Increasing RPM’s: • Speed Costs Money! $$$ • Component Selection/Matching 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  9. Where to Spend Your Money • Buy: • Quality matched components • Great cylinder heads • Titanium valves • Stiff valve springs Avoid: • Titanium Rods • Extrusion Hone or “Home Porting”of heads & manifolds • “Bigger is Better” syndrome 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  10. Cool New Stuff! “Beehive” Valve Springs Oval Port`“Raptor” Heads Heart-Shaped Combustion Chamber 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  11. Ethanol as a Racing Fuel Winning on Ethanol - Why it works and what is driving racing to go to it Different blends, availability, and how E85 will fit the future Application specifics, a review of compatibility of parts, corrosion, etc. How to optimize for effective use of ethanol as a performance fuel 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  12. Winning onEthanol - What is Driving Racing to Go to It? Environmentally-friendly fuel Favorable political climate Safety Low cost and increasing availability Power-making potential 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  13. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  14. “Ethanol Blends Significantly Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions” Argonne National Labs. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  15. Michael Wang – Argonne National Laboratory, Aug. 2005 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  16. Power Making Fuel Characteristics Octane Rating Burning Rate Latent Heat of Vaporization Energy Value 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  17. 1. Octane Measures fuel’s resistance to pre-ignition and detonation, commonly called “knocking” Three common octane ratings for motor fuels: Research Octane Number (RON) Motor Octane Number (MON) (R+M/2) method 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  18. 1. Octane MON rating is most useful to racers because it is measured under high loads and at high RPM’s High MON rated fuels allow the use of higher compression and advanced spark timing 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  19. 1. Octane • E85 delivers MON octane ratings equal to, or better than, most gasolines 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  20. 2. Burning Rate The speed at which fuel burns and releases its heat energy There is less time for fuel to burn at high RPM’s, so rapid burning fuel is a must in racing 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  21. 2. Burning Rate Peak horsepower and engine efficiency are realized if fuel is almost completely burned by 20 degrees after Top Dead Center (TDC) 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  22. 3. Latent Heat of Vaporization Measures a fuel’s ability to cool the intake charge and combustion chamber Measured in BTU’s per gallon Higher rated fuels remove heat better 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  23. 3. Latent Heat of Vaporization E85promotes better cooling: Making the intake charge more dense, thereby packing more energy (per volume) into the engine Helping to control detonation Reducing temperatures in the engine and oiling system components 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  24. 4. Energy Value The total heat energy contained in a given amount of fuel – BTUs/lb. Horsepower generation depends on “Net Energy Value” - Equal to the energy value multiplied by the amount of fuel that can be burned 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  25. 4. Energy Value A fuel’s “stoichiometric” defines its ideal air/fuel ratio Lower stoichiometric fuels allow more fuel to be burned which, in turn, increases the Net Energy Value of the fuel 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  26. 4. Energy Value • The lowerstoichiometric of E85 provides the fuel with a higher Net Energy Value than most gasolines 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  27. Fuel Comparison Chart 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  28. Fuel Rankings 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  29. Dave Slatten – 540 CID Drag Race Engine Dyno Results 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  30. Dave Slatten – 540 CID Drag Race Engine Dyno Results 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  31. Different Blends, Availability, and How E85will Fit the Future E10 E85 E100 (E-98) 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  32. Application Specifics, a Review of Compatibility of Parts, Corrosion, etc. E10: Passenger car-compliant for decades. A simple replacement fuel Reduced emissions/oxygenate MTBE replacement Promotes clean fuel injectors Octane booster 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  33. E85: Requires vehicle modifications “Flex Fuel” vehicle (FFV)– identified by a gas cap insignia Ethanol-compatible fuel tank, pump, lines, etc. Modified air/fuel ratio: enriched air/fuel ratio (approx. 25-28%) or specialized sensors and computer programming Additional changes and race car handling considerations 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  34. E100 (E98): Contains 98% ethanol and 2% denaturing chemical Race-only fuel (IRL series) Extremely hygroscopic May require “top oil” and post-race “pickling” procedures. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  35. How to Optimize for Effective Use ofEthanol as a Performance Fuel Know Your Fuel – Determine Actual Ethanol Content Fuel System Modifications Engine Modifications Handling and Storage Racing E85 Fuel 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  36. Know Your Fuel – Determine Actual Ethanol Content The actual ethanol content of E85 varies widely by the time of year and pump-to-pump. For our easy Four-Step Titration Method, you will need: 1. 100 ml. graduated cylinder & stopper 2. Sample of test E85 fuel 3. Distilled water 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  37. Six-Step Water Titration Method, for E85 • Step 1: Fill the cylinder to the 50 ml. mark with the test fuel. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  38. Six-Step Water Titration Method, for E85 • Step 2: Add 48 ml. of distilled water. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  39. Six-Step Water Titration Method, for E85 • Step 3: Put stopper in top of cylinder. Shake vigorously to mix the water and fuel. Allow it to stand. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  40. Six-Step Water Titration Method, for E85 • Step 4: Pull stopper out slightly to allow pressure buildup to escape. Reseal and allow to stand for 15 min. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  41. Six-Step Water Titration Method, for E85 • Step 5: Write down the overall Volume A and the separation line Volume B. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  42. Step 6: Apply this formula to determine gasoline content: Percent Gasoline = 2.1 + 1.94 (Volume A – Volume B) 2.1 + 1.94 (93-86) 2.1 + 1.94 (7) 2.1 + 13.58 Percent Gasoline = 15.68% To find the ethanol content, subtract the percentage gasoline content (15.68) from 100: 100 – 15.68 = 84.32% or approx. E85 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  43. Advanced Engineering & Technology Conference, 2007 Step 4: Read the level of the ethanol/water at the bottom. Subtract 10 ml. (the amount of added water). This is your true ethanol percentage. Four-Step Water Titration Method The ethanol/water level reads 88 ml. Subtract 10 ml. for the true ethanol content of 78%, or E78. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  44. Step 3: Put stopper in top of cylinder. Shake vigorously to mix the water and fuel. Allow it to stand. The ethanol/water mix will fall to the bottom of the cylinder. Four-Step Water Titration Method 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  45. Step 4: Read the level of the ethanol/water at the bottom. Subtract 10 ml. (the amount of added water). This is your true ethanol percentage. Four-Step Water Titration Method The ethanol/water level reads 88 ml. Subtract 10 ml. for the true ethanol content of 78%, or E78. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  46. Fuel System Modifications To make your race vehicle E85 compatible, you must inspect the following and make any needed changes: Correct fuel tank type & size Vented gas cap Compatible fuel pump – correct type and capacity Compatible carburetor/injectors 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  47. Engine Modifications Protect your engine and take full advantage of the power-making capability of E85 fuel: 1. Utilize ethanol-compatible motor oil 2. Increase engine static compression ratio 3. Increase engine dynamic compression 4. Adjust air/fuel ratio 5. Adjust spark timing 6. Experiment with spark timing correction 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  48. Handling & Storage Ethanol blends are hygroscopic. Once water has been introduced, corrosion will develop. Be sure to: Store the fuel only in approved containers and keep it tightly capped at all times. All alcohols are very drying to skin. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Follow all other normal fuel handling and storage recommendations. Inspect your motor oil for “milking” and change frequently. After racing, “pickle” the engine and vehicle. Drain all fuel from lines and use an appropriate anti-corrosive agent. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  49. Racing with E85 Not only does E85 vary in ethanol content by the time of year and from pump to pump, but the 15% gasoline portion also affects engine performance and fuel system requirements. While pump E85 has a nominal octane rating of 105 (R+M/2 method), we strongly recommend that you find a supplier of “E85 Racing Fuel”. The fuel should have a consistent and high (85%) ethanol content and the gasoline should also be a high grade racing fuel. This will protect your engine from varying octane levels and air/fuel mixture requirements. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com

  50. Contact Information: Robert L. Colesworthy IQ Learning Systems, Inc. 1833 Scherer Parkway Saint Charles, MO 63303 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com 12/3/07

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