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Children’s Categorization and the Design of Taxonomic Categories in Search Engines

Children’s Categorization and the Design of Taxonomic Categories in Search Engines. Dania Bilal and Peiling Wang dania@utk.edu peilingw@utk.edu School of Information Sciences University of Tennessee 451 Communications Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996.

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Children’s Categorization and the Design of Taxonomic Categories in Search Engines

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  1. Children’s Categorization and the Design of Taxonomic Categories in Search Engines Dania Bilal and Peiling Wang dania@utk.edu peilingw@utk.edu School of Information Sciences University of Tennessee 451 Communications Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996

  2. A Specific Cognitive View of the Mind and Categorization • “The structures used to put together our conceptual systems grow out of bodily experience and make sense in terms of it…The core of our conceptual systems is directly grounded in perception, body movement, and experience of a physical and social character” (Lakoff, 1987, p.xiv”). LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  3. Purpose of the Study • Examine children’s cognitive structure of specific categories. • Map children’s conceptual structure of the categories to the existing taxonomic categories in Web search engines. LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  4. Research Question I What conceptual structure do children generate for specific categories used in Yahooligans! and KidsClick!? Sub-questions • Intra-consistency vs. inter-consistency • Depth and breadth of hierarchical structure • Number of concepts included and excluded • Number of concepts misarranged LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  5. Research Question II How does children’s conceptual structure for the specific categories map to Yahooligans! and KidsClick! categories? Sub-questions • Concept overlap between children’s maps and Yahooligans! • Concept overlap between children’s maps and KidsClick! • Depth of hierarchies between children’s maps and Yahooligans! • Depth of hierarchies between children’s maps and KidsClick! LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  6. Method • Construct-A-Map From Scratch Technique (Ruiz-Primo, et. al., 2001) • Parental permission was requested for 30 middle school children; 13 were granted. Two children participated in pilot testing, resulting in 11 children in the final sample. LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  7. Selection of Categories • Yahooligans!: Science and Nature • Three levels of depth; nine concepts • Concrete concepts • KidsClick!: Family and Health • Two levels of depth; eight concepts • Abstract concepts LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  8. LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  9. LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  10. Procedures • Data were collected in May 2001 and took six sessions • Three sessions - categories from Yahooligans! • Three sessions - categories from KidsClick! • Research team • One researcher, two school librarians, and one trained graduate student LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  11. Procedures • Yahooligans! and KidsClick! sessions • Session 1: card sorting • Session 2: drawing concept maps • Session 3: individual interviews LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  12. Yahooligans! Conceptual map LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  13. KidsClick! Conceptual map LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  14. Results LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  15. Engine Intra-consistency Maps 1 & 2 Percentage (%) (n=11) Inter-consistency Map 2 Percentage (%) (n=11) Yahooligans! X 45 X 56 KidsClick! X 64 X 27 Y & K N/A N/A X 18 Intra- & Inter-consistency LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  16. Children’s concept maps Concepts Yahooligans! Mean value (n=11) Yahooligans! Concept map characteristics Concepts KidsClick! Mean value (n=11 KidsClick! Concept map characteristics Highest depth 3.91 4 4.18 3 Lowest depth 3.27 4 2.91 2 Breadth, level 1 1.18 1 1.09 1 Breadth, level 2 2.36 2 2.18 4 Terms included 8.9 9 8.45 8 Terms excluded 1.09 1 1.54 2 Terms misarranged 2.36 N/A 5.54 N/A Characteristics of Children’s Maps vs. those of Engines LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  17. Yahooligans! Category Children’s categorization (%) KidsClick! Category Children’s categorization (%) Level 1: Science and Nature 82 Level 1: Health and Family 45 Level 2: Space; Animals 18 Level 2: Exercise/ Disabilities/ Family Life/ Medicine 0 Accuracy of Categorization LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  18. Categories Children codes Number of children Percentage (%) Science and Nature—Space--Astronomy 2,6,10 3 27 Science and Nature—Animals—Extinct Animals 1,2,4,6,7,8,9 7 64 Science and Nature—Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11 8 73 Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians—Turtles 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11 9 82 Animals—Extinct Animals—Dinosaurs 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 8 73 Children’s Category Structure Overlap with Yahooligans! LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  19. Sub-categories Percentage of children (%) Yahooligans! Structure Astronomy --Space—Solar System 55 Space—Astronomy—Solar System Space—Solar System/Astronomy 27 Space—Astronomy—Solar System Astronomy—Solar System/Space .09 Space—Astronomy—Solar System Astronomy—Solar System—Space .09 Space—Astronomy—Solar System Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians—Turtles/Animals—Extinct Animals—Dinosaurs* 82 Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians—Turtles/ Animals—Extinct Animals--Dinosaurs Children’s Structure of Sub-categories vs. Yahooligans! *Exact arrangement LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  20. Categories Children codes Number of children Percentage (%) Health and Family—Family Life—Adoption 1,2,3,6,7,8,9,11 8 73 Health and Family—Exercise 1,2,3,4,7,10 6 55 Health and Family—Disabilities 10,11 2 18 Children’s Category Structure Overlap with KidsClick! LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

  21. Sub-categories Percentage KidsClick! Configuration Hospitals—Medicine—Disease 27 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease Hospitals—Medicine 64 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease Hospitals—Disease—Medicine 27 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease Hospitals—Disabilities 45 Health and Family—Disabilities Medicine—Hospitals .09 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease Medicine—Exercise .09 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease Medicine—Disabilities .09 Health and Family—Disabilities Environment—Adoption* .09 Family Life—Adoption Health and Family—Disabilities 18 Health and Family—Disabilities Health and Family—Exercise 55 Health and Family—Exercise Family Life—Adoption 82 Family Life—Adoption Family Life—Disabilities 18 Health and Family—Disabilities Adoption—Exercise .09 Family Life—Adoption Disabilities—Exercise .09 Health and Family—Disabilities Disease—Disabilities .09 Health and Family—Disabilities Children’s Structure of Sub-categories vs. KidsClick! LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia *Odd arrangement.

  22. Conclusions To be Discussed LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia

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