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Vaccines

Vaccines. Overview. Vaccine production methods Vaccine types and Diseases preventable by vaccines Vaccine modifications Routes of administration Reverse vaccinology Safety concerns about vaccination. What are vaccines Concept of drug and vaccines Vaccination and immunization concept

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Vaccines

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  1. Vaccines

  2. Overview Vaccine production methods Vaccine types and Diseases preventable by vaccines Vaccine modifications Routes of administration Reverse vaccinology Safety concerns about vaccination • What are vaccines • Concept of drug and vaccines • Vaccination and immunization concept • Imunity and its types • Immune responses produced by vaccines • Vaccines timeline

  3. Overview • Vaccine trials • Potential Shortcomings of Vaccines • Vaccine effectiveness and failures • Vaccine approval

  4. What are vaccines? • stimulate the immune system VACCINOLOGY

  5. Concept of drug and vaccines

  6. Concept of drug and vaccines • Concept of Drug • Kill invaders or foreign pathogens • Inhibit the growth of pathogens • Patients • therapeutic

  7. Concept of drug and vaccines • Concept of Vaccine • Generate memory cells • Prophylactic or therapeutic

  8. Vaccination and immunization +

  9. ACTIVE VACCINE Stimulates • Humoral Immune Response, • Cellular Immune Response • or Both the aim of protecting against or eliminating a pathogen

  10. Humoral

  11. Vaccines timeline • 18th century Edward Jenner 1796----- observed 1798----- introduced the practice of vaccinations First vaccine ever developed

  12. Vaccines timeline • 19th century 1853---- vaccination act UK Compulsory childhood vaccination First vaccines for cholera, rabies, tetanus, typhoid fever, bubonic plague

  13. Vaccines timeline • 20th century diphtheria,  tuberculosis, whooping cough,  yellow fever, typhus, influenza, Japanese encephalitis, anthrax, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox, pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae), meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis), hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB),  hepatitis A, Lyme disease

  14. Vaccines timeline

  15. Vaccines timeline

  16. Vaccines timeline 1982 ---- Hepatitis B vaccine becomes available. 1986 ---- The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act established

  17. Vaccines timeline 1988 ---- Worldwide Polio Eradication Initiative launched; supported by WHO, UNICEF, CDC and others.

  18. Vaccines timeline 1990 ----- The Vaccine Adverse Reporting System (VAERS), a national program monitoring the safety of vaccines established.

  19. Vaccines timeline 1990 ---- Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) polysaccharide conjugate vaccine licensed for infants. 1991 ---- Hepatitis B vaccine was recommended for all infants

  20. Vaccines timeline 1994 ---- Polio elimination certified in the USA. 1994 ---- Vaccines for Children(VFC) program established to provide access to free vaccines for eligible children at the site of their usual source of care. 1995 ---- Hepatitis A vaccine licensed

  21. Vaccines timeline 1998 ---- First rotavirus vaccine licensed. 1999 ---- Rotavirus vaccine withdrawn from the market as a result of adverse events FDA recommends removing mercury from all products, including vaccines

  22. Vaccines timeline • 21st century 2000 ---- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine recommended for all young children. Worldwide measles initiative launched

  23. Vaccines timeline 2001 ---- September 11 results in increased concern of bioterrorism.

  24. Vaccines timeline 2003 ---- Measles declared no longer endemic in the USA. First live attenuated influenza vaccine licensed 2004 ---- Inactivated influenza vaccine recommended 2005 ---- Rubella declared no longer endemic in the United States.

  25. Thank You

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