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EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS. OVERVIEW. What is Embedded System? Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers Applications of Embedded systems. Microcontrollers from different vendors. Development requirement. Demo for a circuit design using microcontroller and simulator. Discussion.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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  1. EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  2. OVERVIEW • What is Embedded System? • Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers • Applications of Embedded systems. • Microcontrollers from different vendors. • Development requirement. • Demo for a circuit design using microcontroller and simulator. • Discussion. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  3. What is Embedded system • Embedded Systems • Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller • Microcontroller (MCU) • An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip • Microprocessor (MPU) • Memory • I/O (Input/Output) ports IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  4. Embedded SystemGeneral Block Diagram sensor actuator Microcontroller (uC) Sensor conditioning Output interfaces sensor indicator sensor IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  5. Microprocessors Vs Microcontrollers IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  6. Microprocessor • General purpose computer. • Microcontroller • System oriented computer. • Single chip computer. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  7. Microprocessor-Based Systems IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  8. MicroPROCESSOR – Basic concept CONTROL ADDRESS DATA CPU contains CCUALUdata registersand pointer registers BOOTROM Used at startup Instruction(program)ROM Transducers KeyboardScreenUARTParallelinterface etc DataRAM Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to Interact with outside world IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  9. Issues with external devices • Many pins • Mechanical failure rates increased • Design time increased – routing issues • Cost increased, board size increased • Continually redesigning same thing • Compatibility between parts • Upgrade part • Many similar options between different projects • In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility” IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  10. Microcontrollers IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  11. Block Diagram IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  12. MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept CONTROL ADDRESS DATA CPU contains CCUALUdata registersand pointer registers BOOTROM Used at startup Instruction(program)ROM Transducers UARTParallelinterface Etc DataRAM Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  13. MCU-Based Time and Temperature System IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  14. MCU-Based Systems • Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip • Buses are generally not available to a system designer • I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  15. Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR • Pin count down • Design time down, Board layout size down • Upgrade path easier – matching between peripherals for speed • Cost down – bulk purchases • Reliability up • Common software / hardware design environment available from manufacturer IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  16. Applications of Embedded Systems IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  17. Why Important? • Embedded Inside: • Automotive systems • Airplanes • Toys • Medical Devices • Furniture • Billions of units IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  18. Examples: Car Door IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  19. Embedded Applications • Networking, intelligent control IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  20. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES Master Cylinder Assembly Pressure Valve Speed Sensor Dump/Vent Valve Anti Lock Anti-Lock Brake Module 12 V IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  21. Examples: Refrigerator IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  22. Sensing and actuation devices in embedded applications IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  23. Embedded Applications Signal sensing/data acquisition – data processing & data storing – actuation – data communication (networking) IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  24. Examples: Electronic Ping-pong IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  25. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  26. Embedded Applications • Networking IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  27. Embedded Systems IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  28. Real Time Control Must be able to respond predictably and in a known amount of time Environment cannot wait for microcontroller to respond. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  29. What is Real Time? “A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred.” - Donald Gillies IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  30. What is Real Time? “Real time in operating systems:The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time.” - POSIX Standard 1003.1 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  31. Hard vs. Soft Real Time • Hard • guaranteed worst-case response times • absolutely, positively, first time every time • Soft • Kinda, sorta, usually IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  32. Who are the Embedded OS players? • Wind River Systems • VxWorks • pSOS • QNX Software Systems • QNX • Green Hills Software • Integrity IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  33. Who are the Embedded OS players? • Mentor Graphics • VRTX • Palm Computing • PalmOS • Symbian • SymbianOS IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  34. Microsoft • Embedded NT/XP • “Real-time” control • Windows CE (CE.NET) • Internet devices • Pocket PC 2002 • Handheld PC’s and PDA’s IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  35. Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  36. Common Microcontrollers • Atmel • ARM • Intel • 8-bit • 8XC42 • MCS48 • MCS51 • 8xC251 • 16-bit • MCS96 • MXS296 • National Semiconductor • COP8 • Microchip • 12-bit instruction PIC • 14-bit instruction PIC • PIC16F84 • 16-bit instruction PIC • NEC • Motorola • 8-bit • 68HC05 • 68HC08 • 68HC11 • 16-bit • 68HC12 • 68HC16 • 32-bit • 683xx • Texas Instruments • TMS370 • MSP430 • Zilog • Z8 • Z86E02 IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  37. PIC C/ASM Compiler PIC Programmer MPLAB IDE Free http://www.ccsinfo.com/ http://www.microchip.com What you need IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  38. Write you program MPLAB C or ASM Compile your program CCS PCM Transfer your program Puts HEX file into the PIC Use PICSTART and MPLAB “Burns your app into the PIC” Insert your PIC Face pin 1 to resistor Power it Up Connect 9V Battery Debug your program Never works a the first time Repeat step 1 What is the Process ? IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

  39. Summary • An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function. • The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor adapted for embedded control applications. • Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals. • Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their microcontrollers. IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

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