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Canada’s Role in Major International Projects: T2K and ILC

Canada’s Role in Major International Projects: T2K and ILC. Canada-Japan Particle Accelerator Science Symposium Embassy of Canada, Tokyo / July 7, 2009 D. Karlen, University of Victoria and TRIUMF. Particle Physics accelerator laboratories. distributed around the world. DESY. CERN. FNAL.

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Canada’s Role in Major International Projects: T2K and ILC

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  1. Canada’s Role in Major International Projects: T2K and ILC Canada-Japan Particle Accelerator Science Symposium Embassy of Canada, Tokyo / July 7, 2009 D. Karlen, University of Victoria and TRIUMF

  2. Particle Physics accelerator laboratories • distributed around the world DESY CERN FNAL JPARC Cornell IHEP BNL KEK SLAC TJNAF Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  3. Canada in PP collaborations • Canada has a strong history of partnering in major international PP projects DESY • ZEUS CERN FNAL • OPAL • ATLAS JPARC • CDF • D0 Cornell IHEP • T2K BNL KEK SLAC TJNAF • BaBar For more information: www.ipp.ca Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  4. Canadian facilities • In related areas of science, Canada provides world-class facilities which attract international research teams • TRIUMF – radioactive ion beams • SNOlab – deep underground laboratory for neutrino and dark matter experiments TRIUMF SNOlab Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  5. Canada in international PP projects • Canada has a modest size research community in Particle Physics • 250 subatomic physics faculty/staff • To maximize Canadian impact: • focus on a limited number of projects • build large teams that work together • Project selection • long term planning through community consensus • national funding for “projects” not for “groups” • funding decisions by international peer review, based on science and strength of team In 2006, major funding for the T2K/Canada project was secured Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  6. T2K experiment • Scientific objective: to uncover the mysterious nature of neutrinos • in particular: understand the way in which they change their identity from one kind to another(known as “oscillation”) • Neutrinos (n): “ghost-like” particles • everywhere (300/cc) • can pass through walls (or the earth!) • very difficult to see • produced in nuclear reactions • very light – generally travel near the speed of light Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  7. Neutrino oscillations • Discovered by experiments studying neutrinos from extraterrestrial sources: • Super Kamiokande (in Japan) was used to study neutrinos produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere 50 ktonH20 Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  8. Neutrino oscillations • The effect was confirmed by the SNO experiment (in Canada) that studied neutrinos produced in the Sun 1 ktonD20 Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  9. T2K experiment • Technique: • produce a pure beam of neutrinos (one type and with the same energy) and see what fraction change into a different type when observed at a later time • Challenges: • producing an intense neutrino beam (so that a reasonable number can be detected) • measuring the properties of the neutrinos at the time of production • measuring the properties of the neutrinos after they have had a chance to oscillate Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  10. T2K experiment Super Kamiokande • The new J-PARC facility is used to produce the intenseneutrino beam • Super Kamiokande is usedto measure the neutrinos after they travel 295 km through the earth (in 0.001 s) • A new detector complex isunder construction tomeasure the neutrinos rightafter they are produced n 295 km n ND280detector J-PARC Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  11. T2K experiment • Neutrino productionand near detectors Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  12. T2K experiment – Canada’s role • proton beam remote manipulator system proton monitor stack Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  13. T2K experiment – Canada’s role • proton beam • OTR monitor – just infront of target Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  14. T2K experiment – Canada’s role • Near detector tracker Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  15. T2K near detector tracker • Canada has led the design and construction of the tracker to measure beam energy and composition: • 2 active neutrino targets (FGDs) • 3 gaseous time projection chambers (TPCs) 2.5 m 2.5 m Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  16. Fine grained detectors (FGDs) • Consist of 8000 special plastic barsthat produce a small amount of light when a neutrino interacts • light detected by miniature photosensorscalled MPPCs (Hamamatsu) provided byKyoto University • first deployment of this new technology FGD1 at J-PARC FGD1 at TRIUMF Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  17. Time projection chambers (TPCs) • A 3D “digital camera” that images the products of the neutrino interactions in the FGDs • first deployment of micropatternTPC technology TPC0 at TRIUMF TPC0 at J-PARC Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  18. TPC images • Tests with cosmic rays at TRIUMF Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  19. Canadian T2K team • TRIUMF and 6 University groups • University of Victoria, University of British Columbia, University of Alberta, University of Regina, University of Toronto, York University • 11 TRIUMF physicists • 9 University faculty • 25 staff • 10 postdocs • 11 graduate students • makes up about 15% of the T2K collaboration • Canada was the first foreign partner of T2K and the only nation to sign the original Letter of Intent Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  20. T2K collaboration • Photo from inaugural collaboration meeting in January 2004 • now – more than 400 collaborators, from 65 institutes in 12 countries Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  21. T2K timeline • Schedule from approval to operation much shorter than most accelerator Particle Physics experiments today 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 • approval in Japan • ND280 conceptual design • Canadian funding approved Construction in Canada • successful beam start • start of experimental program Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  22. Looking into the future • The future direction of neutrino research will be guided by the outcomes of T2K • possibly a second phase for T2K with even more intense neutrino beams • For particle physics as a whole, a consensus in its future direction emerged: • high energy proton-proton collider (LHC at CERN) • high energy electron-positron collider (ILC) • guided by the outcomes of the LEP program at CERN • Canada and Japan were major partners in the OPAL experiment at LEP, and are partnering in the ATLAS experiment at LHC Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  23. ILC • Scientific objective: to uncover new laws of nature • in particular the way that particles attain mass and the laws that give rise to hidden matter/energy in our Universe • Technique: produce new forms of matter by colliding electrons and positrons at the highest possible energies • circular colliders are impractical for the energy required – a linear collider is the only option Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  24. ILC • Accelerator and particle physicists around the world are working together to complete the design of the ILC and its detectors 26 km LEP ring at CERN 30 km ILC – artist’s conception courtesy CERN courtesy KEK Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  25. ILC and Canada • In Canada the initial ILC R&D focus has been on detector technology • in particular: micropattern TPCs were developed in this research program – now being deployed in T2K • ILC detector R&D work underway in global collaborations • The LCTPC group (Japan,Canada, US, and Europe)are constructing andtesting a large prototypemicropattern TPC. • magnet provided by Japan Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  26. ILC and Canada • Recently Canada has become involved in ILC accelerator technology R&D • focus area: superconducting RF cavities used to accelerate the ILC beams • Our funding request to build a low-energy, high-current electron accelerator at TRIUMF was approved last month • the accelerator will use the ILC cavity design and qualify Canadianindustry for ILC cavity production Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  27. ILC and Canada • With this new accelerator project, Canada will develop expertise in ILC accelerator technology • At the same time the new accelerator will • expand the science program at TRIUMF, by providing more radioactive isotope beams (produced through photo-fission) for existing experiments that study fundamental nuclear science and materials science • act as a demonstration machine for the production of medical isotopes that are currently produced withaging nuclear reactors Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  28. Summary • Through partnerships, Canada plays significant roles in many international research projects • T2K and ILC are just 2 examples • These partnerships benefit Canada and the other nations involved: • sharing knowledge • cooperative development of future technologies • enhanced opportunities for our students • I look forward to continued Canada/Japan collaboration on T2K and on the ILC Canada's Role in T2K and ILC

  29. Thank you

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