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Biomass of green chemistry (biomass energy)

Biomass of green chemistry (biomass energy). 交通大學應用化學系 鄭至玉 , 李耀坤. Introduction and application of biomass. What is Biomass Energy? Who Can Use Bioenergy? Who Should be Developing or Using Biomass? Why Biomass? Socioeconomic Benefits of Biomass Current Industrial Applications of Biomass

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Biomass of green chemistry (biomass energy)

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  1. Biomass of green chemistry(biomass energy) 交通大學應用化學系 鄭至玉, 李耀坤

  2. Introduction and application of biomass • What is Biomass Energy? • Who Can Use Bioenergy? • Who Should be Developing or Using Biomass? • Why Biomass? • Socioeconomic Benefits of Biomass • Current Industrial Applications of Biomass • How Can We Use Biomass? • Sources & Barriers of Biomass • Costs of Biomass More information from http://oahu.ol.mala.bc.ca/RE

  3. Why do we need so badly?

  4. Global carbon cycling and the importance of renewable resources 我們在10年之間,用掉了佰萬年的積蓄!!

  5. 妳可以聽聽這個網站怎麼說!!http://www.eprida.com/

  6. Global carbon cycling and the importance of renewable resources More information in “Green Chemistry from Renewable Resources” • Research at Division of Biochemical and Chemical Process Eng. • Green Chemistry and Products from Renewable Resources • Patents on Biomass Processing

  7. Any other energy can we get? Green and renewable

  8. Solar energy • Wind/wave energy • Biomass • Burn in a heat recovery system • Compost • Convert into something different 太陽能是地球唯一的能源來源 天然的動能穩定度很低 生物將太陽能以化學能的方式儲存起來

  9. 但是植物的木質素是最不易被分解的!! (也許可以試試白蟻喔!) 植物是收集太陽能最有效的生物!!

  10. 陽光.空氣.水 生物 燃料 電 (太陽能) (生質能) (化學能) (電能)

  11. What else can we do with biomass?

  12. Petroleum refinery Fuels Solvent Bulk chemicals Plastics Fibres Petroleum feedstock Fine chemicals Oils 石油除了提供能源也生產石化產品!

  13. Bio-refinery Fuels Solvent Bulk chemicals Plastics Grain Fibres Fine chemicals Oils Biomass 除了提供能源也可能生產民生用品!

  14. The problemPetrochemicals Scarce resource CO2 pollution Strategic and political weapon Low security of supply Cheap The solutionBiomass (ethanol and diesel) Renewable CO2 neutral Can be grown and exploited anywhere High security of supply Expensive (yet) Processing to gasoline or diesel can be combined with use as solid fuel 石油的優點,biomass取代! 石油的缺點,biomass解決! Detail in Felby.ppt

  15. Biomass –Supply and process chain Forest and agriculture crops & residues Municipal & Industrial waste Collection & storage Pre-treatment Solid biofuels Combustion for heat and Electricity Liquid Biofuels Ethanol (hydrolysis and fermentation) Bio-diesel (extraction/purification/modification) Biochemicals Fermentation (Thermochemical (pyrolysis, HTU, syngas) Detail in Felby.ppt

  16. Biomass based energy • Plant oils –Biodiesel • Solid biomass –Heat and electricity • Fermentable sugars –Starch and cellulose for ethanol production Detail in Felby.ppt

  17. Platform of biomass energy

  18. Sunlight final product 高生產量作物 高利用率作物 CO2 & H2O Crop 直接以固體醱酵成適當燃料 氣化,熱裂解或酸水解成較小分子 回歸自然 醱酵成適當燃料 Sugar solution

  19. Detail in Miertus.pdf 生物質量的成分是複雜且迥異的!!

  20. Platforms for biomass-to-energy 生物能釋放的方式包括：生物質量直接燃燒成熱能或先轉型成燃料，再轉換成電能。其中，轉型成燃料又可以化學方法(氣化及熱裂解)或生物方法處理得到。 Detail in ……………………………………

  21. Biofuel production by fermentation from biomass 用光合細菌直接生產的氫氣或以木材、廚餘、廢水等醱酵所生產的沼氣、甲醇、酒精等來產生能量

  22. The steps of ethanol production by fermentation The production of ethanol by fermentation involves four major steps:(a) the growth, harvest and delivery of raw material to an alcohol plant;(b) the pre-treatment or conversion of the raw material to a substrate suitable for fermentation to ethanol;(c) fermentation of the substrate to alcohol, and purification by distillation; and(d) treatment of the fermentation residue to reduce pollution and to recover by-products.

  23. Three types of raw materials for bioethanol The many and varied raw materials for bioethanol production can be conveniently classified into three types: (a) sugar from sugarcane, sugar beet and fruit, which may be converted to ethanol directly; (b) starches from grain and root crops, which must first be hydrolysed to fermentable sugars by the action of enzymes; and (c) cellulose from wood, agricultural wastes etc., which must be converted to sugars using either acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. http://www.viscostar.dk/application/food.htm

  24. Ethanol fermentation

  25. Commodity chemicals from ethanol CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 CH3CHO CH3CO2H Ethyl benzene Ethyl bromide Ethyl chloride Ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene diamine Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dichloride Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Diethyl ketone Diethylene glycol Glycol ethers, esters MEA, DEA, TEA Vinyl acetate Polymers, copolymers Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Aldol products Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol Butyraldehyde Chloral Ethyleneimine Pyridines Acetamide Acetanilide Acetyl chloride Acetic anhydride Dimethyl acetamide Cellulose acetates Esters 酒精可衍生出各式產物 Detail in Hardy.ppt

  26. Bacteria for bioenergy conversion 一些可用來作為生物能量轉換的菌種研究、菌種特性、相關代謝路徑與可能的基因工程改造計劃。

  27. Metabolism of ethanol (A) Typical fermentation products made by a K12 E. coli fermenting glucose. Products are in moles produced per 100 mol fermented glucose (Dien et al. 2003; Gottschalk 1986) with 91% of the carbon accounted for as fermentation products. (B)Transforming E. coli with pet operon diverts almost all glucose to ethanol. This strain (KO11) also carries a mutation that blocks succinate production. Lin Y, Tanaka S. (2005) Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 69(6): 627-42

  28. Metabolism of xylose to ethanol Dien BS, Cotta MA, Jeffries TW. (2003) Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 63(3): 258-66.

  29. http://www.sspindia.com/food-processing-industry/starch-derivatives.htmlhttp://www.sspindia.com/food-processing-industry/starch-derivatives.html

  30. Alcohols (ethyl-, butyl, isopropyl-) Polyols (glyceral, ethylene glycol) Ketones (acetone) Acids (acetic, lactic, butyric) Yeast Fermentation Hydroxymethylfurfural Levulinic acid Polyols Glucose Dehydrogenation Hydrolysis Hydrogenation Crystallisation Hexoses Yeast Furfural Polyols (Xylitol) Xylose Fermentation Dehydration Hydrogenation Crystallisation Hydrolysis (Chemical) Pentoses Phenol derivatives, hydrocarbons Phenol derivatives, catechols Vanillin Hydrogenation Hydrolysis Oxidation Lignin 善用不同生物質量的成分,調整製程方法可製備出多樣產物!! Detail in Hardy.ppt

  31. Microbial Conversion Dear God: I pray on bended knee’s, That all my syntheses, Will never be inferior, To those conducted by bacteria Organic Chemists Prayer (unknown origin)

  32. Microbial Fuel Cell 1. 用微生物當作觸媒的微生物燃料電池系統 2. 用微生物產物當作燃料的微生物燃料電池系統

  33. 用微生物當作觸媒的微生物燃料電池系統 Rabaey K, Verstraete W. (2005) Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation. Trends Biotechnol. 23(6):291-8.

  34. 用微生物產物當作燃料的微生物燃料電池系統 1 用光合細菌直接生產的氫氣來產生能量。 E. Nakada, S. Nishikat, Y. Asada, J.Miyake (1999) Photosynthetic bacterial hydrogen production combined with a fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 24: 1053-1057.

  35. 用微生物產物當作燃料的微生物燃料電池系統 2 Microbial Fuel Cell: High Yield Hydrogen Source And Wastewater Cleaner http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/04/050422165917.htm

  36. A case in Japan

  37. Burden on commercial power grid by introduction of variable natural power source

  38. PV operating results

  39. Members of the New Energy Consortium and Their Poles Expo Site Expo site and new energy consortium

  40. Whole components of the new energy plant

  41. State of demonstrative project in nagakute Expo site NaS battery 500 KW MCFC 270 KW PAFC 200 KW x 4 SOFC 25 KW Multi-crystaline Photovoltaic power generation Amorphous silicon Photovoltaic power generation Bifacial single-crystaline Photovoltaic power generation PV: 30 + 100 + 200 KW

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