Speech on the seventieth birthday of Stalin (21 December 1949 ) – Mao Zedong

1. Speech on the seventieth birthday of Stalin (21 December 1949) – Mao Zedong “Stalin is our greatest father and teacher. In the name of Chinese people and Chinese Communist Party, we celebrate comrade Stalin's seventy birthday. May he be in the best health and live a long life! Leader of both the world's working class and Communist Internationale — Ten thousand years of life to Stalin!”

2. Rise of Communism Russia

3. Road to the Russian Revolution • Nicholas II tries to hold on to an autocracy • One guy in charge • 1905 – Bloody Sunday • 200,000 people march in St. Petersburg • Better working conditions and a national legislature. • Russian troops start shooting people • Hundreds killed, 1,000+ wounded = riots • Nick II has no choice but to agree to legislature • called the Duma (gets rid of it after 10 weeks) • Gives Russian people a taste of liberty

4. 1914 – Russia enters WWI • 9 million casualties • Nick II moves to the Eastern Front to keep an eye on things. • Leaves his wife at home to run the government. • She is influenced by Rasputinand people think he is calling the shots. • Makes rich Russians mad • They end up killing him -- eventually

6. March 1917 • Nick II realizes its over • Quits as Czar • July 1918 Lenin orchestrates the murder of the entire family.

7. Bolsheviks take over and a civil war breaks out • Red Army (Bolsheviks) Vs. White Army (everyone else) • Results in another 14,000,000 deaths • Fighting, hunger, flu • The Red Army wins and Russia becomes a Communist Country.

9. Stalin • Emphasized industrialization & strengthening agriculture • 1930’s – Russia isolated from the West

10. Five Year Plans • Goal = modernize Soviet Union • Increase agriculture & industry • Stalin saw Russia as 150 years behind • Collectivization • Forced and led to disaster • Man-made famine in Ukraine • Cruel but a victory for communists • USSR didn’t meet most of the goals • Still a HUGE step towards full industrialization

15. Rise of Communism China

16. Beginnings of Communism • Qing (Manchu’s) overthrown (1911) • Nationalist Party comes to power • Civil War – Warlords • Bad for peasants

17. Chinese Role in WWI • The Chinese declared war on Germany • Hoped Allies would reward them by giving China back to the Chinese • INSTEAD - the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan the rights to Shandong Province • May 4th Movement (1919)

18. The Rise of Communism • 1921 – officially establish the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) • Nationalists vs. Communist

19. The Chinese Struggle • Two forces 1. Nationalist movement to push the foreign merchants and capitalists out 2. a strong worker/peasant movement to liberate the people from oppression by their own leaders and business people

20. Civil War • 1930 - Nationalists and Communists were fighting a civil war. • The Long March • Mao and followers chased– 9000 km and 90 % of people died – survivors led revolution • Meanwhile… Japan invades China from North • foreign attack forced the Nationalists and Communists to unite to save China

23. Containment after WWII • US policy of containment – stop spread of communism • Communist (Mao) drove Nationalist (Chiang) to Taiwan (Republic of China) in 1949 • Declared founding of PRC (People’s Republic of China) • “Two Chinas” • PRC was NOT recognized by UN until 1972

24. Rule by Mao Zedong • PRC evolves in 2 phases: • 1. The Soviet Model (1949-1957) • Land reform • Civil reform • 5 Year Plan • 2. Great Leap Forward (1958-1966)

32. Cultural Revolution • Mao unhappy with market-oriented policies • Cultural Revolution (60’s & 70’s) – political, social, economic change • Remove “Old China” • Scholars sent to the fields to work • Universities & libraries were destroyed • Elementary education • “All people should be able to read and write”

34. Mao vs. Lenin Mao Lenin • Based on Marxism • Political, economic & social equality • Increased industrialization & agriculture • Power lie with the peasants • Based on Marxism • Political, economic & social equality • Increased industrialization & agriculture • Power lie with the urban working class

35. Totalitarianism

36. A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public AND private life. • People give up liberty for a sense of security. • Need a dynamic leader to pull it off • Stalin • Mao • Hitler What is it?

37. Police Terror • Violence and terror keep people in line. • The secret police ENFORCE policy NOT protect citizens and catch criminals. • Spy on citizens • May beat or even murder people What you need to make a Totalitarian State Work

38. Indoctrination • Instruction in government beliefs • Glorify the leader • And his ideas • Begins with the young • Schools are key • Ex Hitler Youth

39. Propaganda and Censorship • Used to sway people • Must have control of ALL media to make it work. • The goal  present false information as the truth. • Anyone who tries to call the government out must be dealt with harshly • prison or a bullet

40. Persecution • Usually ethnic or religious • You need someone to blame when things go wrong. • Need to be identifiable • Live in certain places • Follow “special” laws

42. The KGB (secret police) • Kept tabs on EVERYONE • Tap phones, read mail, random arrests and interrogations/ forced confessions. • Arrest LOTS • send them to the gulag (labor camp) • Or shoot them Case Study- Stalinist Russia

43. VasiliBlokhin (KGB Executioner) Once shot 7,000 Polish prisoners in 28 Days Nikolai Yezhov (head of the KGB in the 1930’s

44. Propaganda and Censorship • Stalin’s government controlled: • Newspapers, movies, radio, and other sources of info. • All Stalin, all the time • Everything was a success, all policies were great, Stalin was awesome, etc, etc, etc…

46. Education & Indoctrination • The communist party controlled ALL schools • from preschool to college • Get the Party message for a LONG time. • ANY teacher or professor who challenged the Party view was arrested. • Ex. – Stalin wasn’t in St. Petersburg for the start of the October Revolution(true by the way)? • OFF TO THE GULAG • 10 – 15 years.

47. Communists don’t like religion • “Opiate of the masses” • Russian Orthodox church pegged as the “bad guy”. • Stalin especially hated churches – many torn down during is regime

49. Stalin saw that Russia was behind the rest of the world • Wanted to catch up quick • His solution was a COMMAND ECONOMY • Government makes all of the economic decisions. • Stalin’s idea  Five Year Plans • Set impossible goals for industrialization • Two ways to reach the goals • Don’t make as many consumer goods • Lie about the figures. • In the end it worked (sort of) • Production increased but numbers not met Stalin and the Economy

50. 1928 • Stalin decides to collectivize farms • No individual property – big government farms • Ended up having to force people off the land • Also had to force people on to the land • Produce more but it is mismanaged from the start • Widespread famine (food shortage) • Results in the death of 5 – 10 million people. Stalin and Agriculture