Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management System

1. Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management System September 2005 In Kim Road Environment Division, Road Bureau Ministry of Construction & Transportation

2. Contents 1. Seismic Retrofit of Bridges • Bridges Classification • Construction Period • Recent Earthquake in KOREA (M>4.0) • Analysis of Bridge Damages from Earthquake • Retrofit Strategy • Retrofit Method 2. Disaster Response System • General Classification of Disaster • Disaster Response Organization of Korea • Workflow of Damage Assessment and Recovery Planning • Disaster Response Organization of MOCT • Workflow of Road Damage Recovery • Strategy for Reducing Disaster Damage

3. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges 1) Bridges Classification 22,159 bridges in Korea as of December 2004 By roads By superstructure types

4. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges 2) Construction Periods • 53% of the bridges were built within the past 10 years with the country’s economy growth

5. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges • Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on • the Richter scale • 35 earthquakes since 1978 ㆍOccurrences of earthquakes since 1978 Magnitude 4.0≤M<5.0 : 30 Magnitude 5.0≤M<6.0 : 5 ㆍThere were partial building damages but no bridge damages from the earthquakes ㆍOct. 7, 1978 in Hongseong (M=5.0) ㆍDec. 13, 1996 in Youngweol (M=4.5)

6. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges 4) Analysis of Bridges Damages from Earthquakes EARTHQUAKE ㆍLiquefaction ㆍSettlement ㆍSlope Sliding ㆍInsufficient Support Length ㆍShort of Ductility of PIER ㆍAbutment Movement ㆍFoundation Collapse ㆍPIER Collapse ㆍUnseating

7. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges 5) Retrofit Strategy ① Seismic Design Specification ㆍSeismic design specification was introduced for the first time in 1992 when it was integrated into the Korean Bridge Design Code ㆍAll new bridges built after 1999 are required to meet the seismic design specifications ② Seismic Retrofit of Existing Bridges ㆍDuctility of concrete columns enhanced ㆍ Seismic Isolation or energy dissipation equipment/apparatus installed

8. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges 6) Retrofit Methods ① Elastomeric Pads, isolations - Bearing Replacement -Isolations (LRB, Damper)

9. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges ② Bearing Retrofit - Shear Key

10. 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges ③ Column Retrofit - Steel Jacketing - Fiber wrapping

11. 2 Disaster Response System 1) General Classification of Disasters • Man-Made Disasters - Disasters caused by human activities (Fires, collapses, explosions, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, etc.) • Natural Disasters - Disasters caused by natural phenomena (Typhoons, floods, heavy rainfalls, storms, tidal waves, heavy snowfalls, droughts, earthquakes, sand dust clouds, red tides, etc.) • Infrastrucutral Disasters - Disasters caused by paralysis of key infrastructures (Energy, communication, transportation, finance, medical, water, etc.) - Propagation of infectious diseases, etc.

12. 2 Disaster Response System 2) Disaster Response Organization Central Safety Management Committee (Chair: Prime Minister) Adjustments Committee (Minister of MOGAHA) Central Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters (MOGAHA) Central Incident Management Headquarters (MOFAT) Central Emergency Rescue and Control Center (NEMA) ※ Strengthening cooperation with related Ministries Overseas Disaster Response & Support Center Central Incident Management Center Local Safety Management Committees (cities, provinces) Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters (cities, provinces) Emergency Rescue and Control Centers (cities, provinces) Local Safety Management Committees (cities, counties, districts) Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters (cities, counties, districts) Emergency Rescue and Control Centers (cities,countries, districts) • MOFAT : Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade • MOGAHA : Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs • NEMA : National Emergency Management Agency

13. 2 Disaster Response System 3) Damage Assessment & Recovery Planning Flowchart • Preliminary Actions (Evacuation, etc.) • Response Action (Rescuing and assisting victims, providing emergency medical services, preventing epidemics, etc.) • Disaster Status Report Disaster Occurrence City/County/District Countermeasures Headquarters • Aggregate damages of affected areas • Support emergency rescue activities City/Province Countermeasures Headquarters • Supervise nationwide disaster statuses • Support emergency rescue activities • Aggregating damage assessments • Formulating countermeasures Central Countermeasures Headquarters Related Ministries and Offices • Dispatching Central Investigation Team (Large Damaged Areas or Structures) • Estimating Damages by Local Government (Small Damaged Areas or Structures) Damage Assessment Regulations on Distribution of Disaster & Recovery Costs Establishing Recovery Plan Preliminary consultations with Ministry of Planning and Budget Confirmation of Recovery Plan Establishing the Recovery Budget Plan (Ministry of Planning and Budget) Notification of Confirmed Recovery Plan and Request for Budget Deliberation of the Cabinet Council Budget Allocation Approval of President Budget Compilation (Local Government) Execution of Recovery Plan

14. 2 Disaster Response System 4) Disaster Response System at MOCT Minister Vice Minster Assistant Minister Assistant Minister in Charge Road Response Team River Response Team Earthquake Response Team Surface Transportation Team Building & Housing Team Air Transportation Team Responsible divisions under each team • Road : Road Environment Division (floods) • River : • Rivers : River Management Division • Dam, Metropolitan & Industrial Water Supply : Water Resources Development Division • Earthquake : Safety Policy Division • Surface Transportation : Transportation Policy Division • Railroads : Railroad Policy Division • Subways : Urban Railroad Division • Express Buses : Transportation Industry Policy Div. • Building & Housing : Housing Welfare Division • Air Transportation : Air Transport Policy Division

15. 2 Disaster Response System 5) Flowchart of disaster response system for road damages Receipt Recovery Reporting Incident Occurrence Road Patrol Incident called in Local Police Station Request traffic control Field Investigation Temporary Recovery? Damage Scale Serious No Light Yes No action taken Highway Maintenance Service Highway Maintenance Service Damage status reported 2nd Field Investigation (Request necessary equipment and manpower Formulate Recovery Plan Highway Maintenance Service Regional Construction Management Office Local Government MOCT MOGAHA Road Environment Div. Central Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarter

16. 2 Disaster Response System 6) Damage Reduction Strategies • Recommendations for reducing damages - Carry out strict inspection and maintenance of vulnerable areas in advance - Establish prompt response system by conducting disaster drills, etc. - Reinforce/improve design standards so that roads can better withstand disasters • Build support system using resources of unaffected nearby areas - Establish a mutual assistance system for neighboring areas to enable unaffected areas to promptly come to the rescue and assistance of damaged areas using their resources such as emergency equipment and human resources • Plan in advance for detour routes to ensure access to and from areas struck by disasters