Watson and Crick

1. Watson and Crick Bushra Shaikh 7E http://www.topnews.in/health/now-simplte-dna-test-helps-trace-your-lineage-29175

2. Francis Crick Francis Harry Compton Crick was born on June 8th in 1961 at Northampton, England to Harry Crick and Annie Elisabeth Wilkins. He was the eldest child and has an elder brother named A.F. Crick who works as a doctor in New Zealand. Crick studied at Northampton Grammar School and Mill Hill, London. He studied physics in the University College, London and obtained a B.Sc. (Bachelor of Science Degree) in the year 1937. He also started a research for Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) under Professor E.N. da C. Andrade, although this was interrupted by the occurrence of the war in the year 1939. During the war crick worked as a scientist for the British admiralty, mainly linked to magnetic and acoustic mines. The later left the admiralty in the year 1947 to study biology. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick.html http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/ResourceMetadata/SCBCDX

3. James Watson James Dewey Watson was born on April 6th in 1928 in Chicago Ill. He was the only child of James D. Watson, a businessman and Jean Mitchell. Watson’s entire childhood was spent in Chicago. He attended eight years of Horace Mann Grammar Scholl and two years in South Shore High School. After that he received a tuition scholarship to the University of Chicago and in summer 1943 went to their experimental four-year college. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/watson-bio.html# http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/dr-james-watson-reflects-on-dna-research-in-the-21st-century/3637

4. DNA The DNA is found in the chromosome, which are X-shaped objects in the nucleus of most cells. A section of the DNA is used for making a particular type of protein called a gene. The bases of the DNA molecule carry the different codes that are needed for the amino acid. The code for a specific amino acid is made of three bases in a meticulous order. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/genes/dnarev1.shtm

5. Contributions of the Scientists Watson: Since September 1950 to September 1951 he was in his postdoctoral year in Copenhagen as a Merck Fellow of National Research Council. A portion of the year was with biochemist Herman Kalckar and the rest with another microbiologist called Ole Maaløe. He started to work with bacterial viruses again attempting to study about DNA of infecting virus particles. Throughout the spring of 1951 he went with Herman Kalckar to the Zoological Station in Naples. In Naples a little later in May he saw the X-ray diffraction pattern of crystalline DNA for the first time. This lead him to change the focus of his research and headed for the structure of the DNA. In early August 1951 he then got arranged to work in the Cavendish Laboratory and started work in early October in the year 1951. Crick: In the academic year 1953 to 1954 Crick was on leave of absence in the Protein Structure Project of the in Brooklyn, New York. The also lectured at Harvard as a visiting professor two times. He has also visited several other laboratories at the Stated for short periods. In the year 1947 crick didn’t know any biology and almost no organic chemistry and also no crystallography. So some of the next few years he spent in learning the basics of these subjects. During this time he, W. Cochran and V. Vand worked out the common theory of the X-ray diffraction by a helix. An important influence on his career was his friendship with James Watson, which started in 1951 that led to the proposition of the double-helix structure of the DNA and also the replication method. Watson and Crick later suggested a basic theory for the structure of small viruses. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick.html http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/watson-bio.html#

6. Importance of the Discovery • By discovering the structure of the DNA we can learn more about genetics and about our body. • This discovery can help us find cures for countless genetic disorders. • The structure also teaches us things like how and why we are related to our parents and our family. • It can help us learn about genes, alleles and chromosomes. • This discovery has also opened doors for new technology like cloning. • Another very important discovery that this has led us to is the human genome project. • The kind of information we can get from this discovery can also help in criminal investigations and security. • This discovery can also be used to diagnose genetic disorders and other problems linked to the DNA. • This can help us reveal historical archives about where we came from and who our ancestors were. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/genes/dnarev1.shtml http://www.topnews.in/health/now-simplte-dna-test-helps-trace-your-lineage-29175

7. Impact on Society • This discovery has impacted the environments is several different ways. One of them is finding the cure for genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and Edward syndrome. Some of these diseases can be really dangerous cost lots of medical treatment. A few of the causes of these genetic disorders are, as follows: • Infections like influenza. • Poor diet and things like scurvy. • Diseases can also occur from the state of the environmental that could cause illnesses like asbestosis. • To prevent the occurrence of the genetic disorders we could raise awareness in the society by using the things that we have learnt through the form of the DNA. This has also helped drive profitability for many food industries such as milk industries. By discovering a way to create synthetic growth hormones that helps cows make more milk has brought the milk industries to a great height. Although there can also be really bad outcomes from such things like abnormalities or the early developing of food allergies which can be life threatening in some cases. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWXrRftyOMY http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/genes/dnarev1.shtml http://spinreadyarticles.org/?p=30

8. Thank You Very Much for Watching My Presentation!!!

9. Bibliography The Nobel Foundation. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962." Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media, 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2011. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick.html>. The Nobel Foundation. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962." Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media, 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2011. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/watson-bio.html#>. BBC GCSE Bitesize. "DNA." BBC GCSE Bitesize. BBC, 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/genes/dnarev1.shtml>. Farber, Dan. "Dr. James Watson Reflects on DNA Research in the 21st Century." ZDnet. CBS Interactive, 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. <http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/dr-james-watson-reflects-on-dna-research-in-the-21st-century/3637>. Smith, Bradley. "The Francis Crick Papers." Profiles in Science National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. <http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/ResourceMetadata/SCBCDX>. Anonymous. "Examples of Genetic Disorders." HudsonalphaInstittute for Biotechnology. HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 2010. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. <http://www.hudsonalpha.org/education/kits/disorder-detectives/genetic-disorders>. Joshi, Rohit. "Now, a Simplte DNA Test That Helps Trace Your Lineage!" TopNews.in. TopNews.in, 2010. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. <http://www.topnews.in/health/now-simplte-dna-test-helps-trace-your-lineage-29175>. TEDxTalks. "TEDxMileHigh - Robyn O'Brien - Patriotism on a Plate." Youtube. Youtube, 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWXrRftyOMY>. Anonymous. "Society." Spin Ready Articles. Spinreadyarticles.org, 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. <http://spinreadyarticles.org/?p=30>.