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Governing parks and protected areas Raoul Beunen. Park: social-ecological systems that distinguish themselves from their environment. A network of actors, organisations, institutions, discourses, objects, subjects and space. What are parks?.
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Park: social-ecological systems that distinguish themselves from their environment.A network of actors, organisations, institutions, discourses, objects, subjects and space What are parks?
Governance: coordination of collective binding decisions in a communitySpatial planning: the coordination of practices and policies affecting spatial organisation How to conceptualise governance and planning?
Parks are influence by, and are influencing, many societal dynamics (e.g. reflected for example in land use activities)Governance (park) is evolving, changing influenced by existing configuration of actors, institutions and discourses.Polyvocal: many different and competing perspectives on parks and on the way these should be governedPolycentric: many actors on different levels trying to steerComplexity and non-linearity Some reflections
Capacity of parks to innovate and to adapt its structure, role and identity in accordance with dynamic contingences (internal and external; social and ecological). Adaptive or reflexive governance
Diverging and shifting approaches, arrangement and practicesContext sensitiveSocial learning: network of people and experiences Spatial planning and governance