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Dr. William Straw Regional Environmental Officer DHS/FEMA Region IV Atlanta GA

Climate Change, Disasters & Disaster Resistant Communities Southeast U.S. Climate Change Roundtable Charleston SC May 27, 2008. Dr. William Straw Regional Environmental Officer DHS/FEMA Region IV Atlanta GA. U.S. Disasters 1964-2007. World Disasters 1900-2000. U.S. Disasters 1980-2004.

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Dr. William Straw Regional Environmental Officer DHS/FEMA Region IV Atlanta GA

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  1. Climate Change, Disasters & Disaster Resistant CommunitiesSoutheast U.S. Climate Change RoundtableCharleston SCMay 27, 2008 Dr. William Straw Regional Environmental Officer DHS/FEMA Region IV Atlanta GA

  2. U.S. Disasters 1964-2007

  3. World Disasters 1900-2000

  4. U.S. Disasters 1980-2004

  5. U.S. Disaster Losses 1950-2005

  6. FEMA Aid Programs • Individual Assistance (IA) • Public Assistance (PA) • Hazard Mitigation (MT) • National Preparedness (NP) Commonalities FEMA Mission & Vision Regulatory Compliance It’s the Applicant’s project Technical Assistance

  7. Other Major Aid Programs • Dept of Agriculture FSA, FS, NRCS • Dept of Defense USACE • Dept of Transportation FHWA • Dept of Health & Human Services • Dept of Housing & Urban Development • US Small Business Administration

  8. Other Major Aid Programs • Tribal, State & Local programs • Volunteer organization (e.g., ARC) programs

  9. Federal-State Agreements • Federal-State &/or -Tribal understandings, commitments & conditions for federal assistance. • Set stage for disaster/emergency response & recovery, and for subsequent hazard mitigation & preparedness

  10. Federal-State Agreements • Contents: • Incident details • Assistance types & cost share • Special terms & conditions • Federal-State-Tribal-Local protocols & timetables • Public outreach • Etc.

  11. Environmental Planning & Historic Preservation (EHP) Program • EHP cadre, professional development, tools, technical assistance, collaboration, outreach, etc. • Structured EHP Reviews • NEPA Statutory Exclusions (SEs), Categorical Exclusions (CEs); Environmental Assessments (EAs, PEAs, SEAs) • Interagency EHP Agreements & “tools” for streamlined CWA, ESA, MMPA, MBTA, CZMA, NHPA, et al.; guidance, technical assistance; etc. • Avoid, minimize, mitigate, compensate

  12. Individual Assistance (IA) Program Temporary Housing Projects • Post-event • Only in IA declared counties • From FEMA to individuals & families • Tribal, State & Local govts; private orgs & others help. • Shelters, hotels, other’s homes, etc.

  13. Individual Assistance (IA) Program Temporary Housing Projects • Single Unit Housing • Mostly on home sites during repair/rebuild. • 18-month limit • Group Housing • For dozens to hundreds at a time, nearby sites • USACE mission assigned • 18-month limit • Applicant selected & managed • Site rehab/restore or stay developed

  14. Individual Assistance (IA) Program Other Housing Projects • Alternative Housing Pilot Project (AHPP) • For hundreds to thousands to tens of thousands at a time • Gulf Coast Recovery Office (GCRO) managed & discretionary • No time limit

  15. Public Assistance (PA) Program “Standard” Projects • Post-event • Only in PA declared counties • For Public Agencies & eligible Private Non-Profits (PNPs) • Individuals participate through Tribal, State & Local govts.

  16. Public Assistance (PA) Program “Standard” Projects • Objects: Structures, infrastructure, contents, equipment, systems, etc.^3 • Actions: Repair, replace, retrofit, upgrade, buyout, relocate, demolish, clean up, dispose, etc.^3

  17. Public Assistance (PA) Program “Standard” Projects • Only for disaster event damages • Public & eligible PNP structural & non-structural: time, materials, equipment, vehicles, infrastructure, structures, contents, “collections”, regulatory measures, etc. • Pre- & post-event Neglect damages ineligible • Most “natural” feature restoration ineligible

  18. PA Program “Standard” Projects • FEMA usually funds 75% to 100% for eligible repair/replace to pre-disaster condition • Upgrade to current codes & standards • Non-fed funds the rest • State managed & discretionary

  19. PA Program “Standard” Projects • Projects should be consistent with Tribal/Local disaster-related “Plans” (to protect lives & improved property) • Ideally comprehensive • All hazards, all spatial & temporal scales • All structures, infrastructure & resources • Few Plans written to guide PA • Pre-ID’ & EHP pre-approved debris staging, reduction & disposal sites, access roads, etc. • Debris stream segmentation, salvaging, reuse, recovery, recycling, etc.

  20. PA Program Improved Projects • Modify beyond pre-disaster condition • FEMA usually funds 75% to 100% for eligible repair/replace to pre-disaster condition • Non-fed funds improvements • Stormwater & wastewater systems & treatment • Annual Operating Plans • Wildlife structures under/over structures & infrastructure

  21. PA Program Alternate Projects • Other eligible functions, location, facilities & systems (other than standard or improved) • FEMA usually funds at 90% of usual 75% to 100% for eligible repair/replace to pre-disaster condition • Non-fed funds the rest • Projects must be cost-effective (protect lives & improved property)

  22. PA Program Alternate Projects • Includes land acquisition (“buyouts”, open space uses, often in stream corridors) • Emergency & MT HMA demolitions • Deed restricted in perpetuity • May include “green” easements & conditions • Check with State DOT, USACE & others in case of their future projects, etc.

  23. PA Program Stafford Act Section 406 PA Hazard Mitigation • Restore to beyond pre-disaster condition & upgrades to current codes & standards • Applies only to damaged facility/system elements • Cost-effective measures to protect lives & improved property

  24. Hazard Mitigation (MT) Programs Stafford Act Section 404 et al. • Pre-event • For Public agencies & institutions • Individuals participate through Tribal, State, or Local govts. • Eligible projects throughout entire declared state

  25. Hazard Mitigation (MT) Programs • Structural • Structures & Infrastructure • e.g., City of Madison & Madison Co. MS SWM project • Non-structural • Land Acquisitions (limited) • GIS/HAZUS • Planning • Training/Exercises/Outreach • Warning & Communications Systems

  26. MT HMA (5 Grant Programs) • FEMA usually funds up to 75% of eligible project costs, some up to 90% • Non-fed funds the rest • HUD CDBG funds lose Fed ID, may be used as non-fed match • More holistic than Section 406 PA HM • State or FEMA managed & discretionary • Protect lives &/or improved property

  27. Other MT Programs • Flood Mapping • SFHAs • MapMod • HAZUS • Modules • Hurricane • Evacuations

  28. Other MT Programs • National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) • CRS & CAVs • LOMAs, LOMRs & CLOMRs • ABFEs • EO 11988 • Planning • Tribal, State & Local • College & University • Enhanced

  29. FEMA R4 IT/GIS • Comprehensive FEMA program disaster and non-disaster support • Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Federal GIS standards • OFA offices • State EMA & EHP agencies • Data sharing & security

  30. National Preparedness (NP) Programs (12+ Programs) • Pre-event • For Public agencies et al. • Structural & Non-Structural: Facilities & systems, staffing, equipment, materials, vehicles, training, exercises, etc. • National competition

  31. NP Programs • Applicant managed • FEMA HQ administered • Transitioning to FEMA regions

  32. NP Programs • Police & Fire (multiple grant programs) • All emergency communications (ICE) • Transportation (multiple grant programs; air, road, bus, rail & ports) • Military chemical stockpiles (CSEPP) • Nuclear power plants (REPP)

  33. Collaboration Question: Does your landscape-level Planning Team appreciate what they can accomplish by re-thinking their audience? • Know FEMA, Tribal, State & Local EMAs & their needs & capabilities • Know OFAs; Tribal, State & Local agencies; and communities & citizens & their needs & capabilities • Be ready with constructive, valuable, timely, efficient, effective, user-friendly, customer service-oriented support • Demonstrate value to victims, potential victims, general public, elected officials, the media, et al.

  34. Collaboration Pre-Disaster Activities • Inventory structures, infrastructure & EHP resources • Assess hazards, risks, capabilities & vulnerabilities • ID adverse effects of “as-built” facilities/systems – Coherence!

  35. Collaboration Pre-Disaster Activities • Cost-effective structural & non-structural options • Affordable, feasible, practicable “canned” projects on shelf, part of Tribal/State/Local plans, waiting for future funding opportunities

  36. Collaboration Pre-Disaster Activities • GIS - Database Layers: Tribal/State/Local agency, State Regional Planning Commissions, academia, et al. • Plans: Facilities/systems, evacuations, shelters, debris management, land use, conservation, rehab/restoration, water quality – Triage!

  37. Collaboration Pre-Disaster Activities • Outreach: publications, webpages, emails, faxes, calls, meetings • Training & Exercises. • Practice, Practice, Practice. • Keep OFA, Tribal, State, or Local officials constantly in the loop

  38. Collaboration Disaster Response & Recovery • Train & assign staff to JFO/PC/State EOC/etc. • Political tact • Communications • Analytic skills • Learning & teaching skills • Thrive under high pressure, change & heavy workloads

  39. Collaboration Disaster Response & Recovery • Visit sites • Visit, coordinate & collaborate with OFA/Tribal/State/Local officials • Listen! • Address their needs first • Follow through

  40. Collaboration Disaster Response & Recovery • Plant seeds & nurture sprouts • Empower Tribes, States, Locals & persons • Nice & easy. Start slow to finish fast. • You &/or others (e.g., team, OFA/Tribal/State/Local officials, academia, selected SIGs & civic groups & individuals) • Visits • Calls, email, faxes & mail • User-friendly 1-page fliers with contact information • Make it short, make it fast, make’em want it. • What’s in it for you (& me)? • Websites & web pages

  41. Collaboration Disaster Response & Recovery • Demonstrate that green & gray recovery is compatible

  42. Collaboration Disaster Working Units • ESFs 3, 5, 8, 10, 11 & 14 • PDA, IMAT & ERT Teams • CR, PIO/PA, CL • Tailor for region, Tribes & States • Cadre of high caliber leaders • Collaborative teams • Integrate subject matter experts/diverse disciplines • More efficient work, better informed products

  43. Summary

  44. Summary

  45. Summary

  46. Summary

  47. Summary

  48. FEMA R4 Points of Contact • RA: Phil May 770.220.5224 MajorPhillip.may@dhs.gov • DRA: Mary Lynne Miller 770.220.5216 MaryLynne.miller@dhs.gov • Regional Analyst: Steve Denham 770.220.5460 steven.denham@dhs.gov • IA Program: Jackie Reginello 770.220.5255 jackie.reginello@dhs.gov • PA Program/Grants: Gary Bruey 770.220.5331 gary.bruey@dhs.gov • MT Programs • Flood Mapping: Rob Lowe 770.220.5438 robert.lowe@dhs.gov • Grants: Clay Saucier 770.220.5488 clay.saucier@dhs.gov • HAZUS: Joe Rachel 770.220.5426 joseph.rachel@dhs.gov • Hurricane: Brandon Bolinski 770.220.5430 brandon.bowlinski@dhs.gov • NFIP: Susan Wilson 770.220.5414 susan.wilson@dhs.gov • Planning: Linda Byers 770.220.5498 linda.byers@dhs.gov • NP Programs/Grants: David Vaughan 770.220.3123 david.vaughan@dhs.gov • GIS Program: David Lawson 770.220.5504 david.lawson@dhs.gov • EHP Program: William Straw 770.220.5432 william.straw@dhs.gov

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