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Coffee Festival Advisory Slide Show

Coffee Festival Advisory Slide Show. Analysis of the steps to produce Healthy Coffee Plants. Advisory Services Department Contact: Advisory Services Manager – Louis Campbell ( lcampbell@ciboj.org ). Healthy Coffee Tree. Coffee Beans. GREEN BEANS ROASTED BEANS. Essential Plant Nutrients.

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Coffee Festival Advisory Slide Show

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  1. Coffee Festival Advisory Slide Show Analysis of the steps to produce Healthy Coffee Plants Advisory Services DepartmentContact: Advisory Services Manager – Louis Campbell ( lcampbell@ciboj.org )

  2. Healthy Coffee Tree

  3. CoffeeBeans GREEN BEANSROASTED BEANS

  4. Essential Plant Nutrients The following chemical elements are well known: • Carbon - C • Hydrogen - H • Oxygen - O • Nitrogen - N • Phosphorous - P • Potassium - K • Sulphur - S • Calcium - Ca • Magnesium - Mg • Iron - Fe • Manganese - Mn • Zinc - Zn • Boron - B • Molybdenum - Mo • Copper - Cu

  5. Factors Controlling the Mineral Content of Plants • The main factor is the specific genetically fixed nutrient uptake potential. • The second factor controlling the mineral content of plant material is the availability of plant nutrient in the nutrient medium. • Mineral content differ considerably between plant organs.

  6. Factors affecting Nutrients Availability (Soil) • The nutrient fraction of the soil, which is accessible to plant roots. • Soil conditions such as pH, temperature aeration and moisture level are also important. • Root growth and extension considerably influence nutrient availability. This is bought about in two ways.

  7. Factors affecting Nutrients Availability cont’d • (a) The root system explores the soil for nutrients. Therefore the denser and more profuse the root system the more nutrients have an opportunity to reach the roots; and • (b) Root metabolism (activity) creates a nutrient demand within the plant itself.

  8. Antagonism This phenomenon of antagonism must be highlighted especially in the Blue Mountains where the continual use of potassium fertilizers have caused an unavailability of magnesium to the plants on some farms. Excessive calcium especially within the limestone areas prevent other nutrients from being taken up.

  9. Synergism Examples of Synergism are (a) where the presence of molybdenum positively influences the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and (b) where magnesium is indispensable for the absorption of phosphorus.

  10. Altitude The higher grown coffee displays the best overall flavour characteristics. This is as a result of the correlation between altitude and quality which is mostly a function of how slowly the berries mature.Shade can produce the same physical and organoleptic effects. Bean size usually increases with altitude.

  11. Movement of Nutrients through the Plant

  12. Determining Soil & Plant Nutrient Status Soil Sampling • Determine nutrient status • Compare results with normal values • Fertilizer recommendations • Other soil amendments

  13. Determining Soil & Plant Nutrient Status Cont’d Leaf Analysis Immediately before flowering or after fruit-set a leaf analysis should be done. The results will indicate whether or not there are sufficient stored nutrients in the plant tissues to bring the crop to maturity and at the same time support the growth phase of the plant.

  14. Methods of Application of Nutrients to Plants There are two types of application. - Soil application: 1. Soil surface (granular) 2. Buried in root zone (granular) 3. Injected into root zone (liquid) • - Foliar: Sprayed onto leaves, stems and branches.

  15. Appropriate Timing of Fertilizer (Foliar) Based on Crop Phenology 1st Application 45 – 22 days before main flowering (Boron & Zinc) 2nd Application 10 – 25 days before main flowering (Boron & Zinc) 3rd Application 60 – 75 days after main flowering (Calcium & Multi-nutrients) 4th Application 120 – 150 days after main flowering (Calcium-Boron-Zinc-Multi-nutrients)

  16. Fertilizer requirements (soil) Based on Crop Phenology • 1st Application 15 – 22 days after main flowering (N-P-K-Mg-S-Bo) • 2nd Application 45 – 60 days after main flowering (N-P-K-Mg-S-Bo) • 3rd Application 150 – 180 days after main flowering (N-P-Mg-S) • 4th Application 190 – 220 days after main flowering (N-P-B)

  17. Leaf Analysis • Immediately before flowering or after fruit-set a leaf analysis should be done. The results will indicate whether or not there are sufficient stored nutrients in the plant tissues to bring the crop to maturity and at the same time support the growth phase of the plant. It allows you to: • Make adjustments to fertilizer programme. • Comparison between soil and leaf data. • Confirm visual diagnosis.

  18. COFFEE BEAN SIZING & DEVELOPMENT • The coffee bean starts to size at 14 weeks after flowering and will continue for 20 weeks. During this period we want the beans to have access to most of the photosynthates. (Not new growth of foliage). New foliage and beans will compete for photosynthates. No nitrogen blend fertilizer should be applied during this period. • The size and quality of the beans will be influenced by the amount of photosynthates that is transferred from the leaf to each berry during the time of sizing – bean development. The continuous transfer is of extreme importance and can be influenced by: - Climate - Nutrient availability – storage and uptake - Leaves – quantity and quality

  19. PLANTING STAGE Only good quality Typica seedlings should be planted.

  20. FLOWERING & RAPID EXPANSION STAGE Rapid expansion takes place in the first 14 weeks after flowering.

  21. PULP & BEAN MATURATION • Nutrients are translocated from the pulp to the beans at this stage. The slower this process takes place, the better the bean quality.

  22. PULP & BEAN MATURATION – (in motion)

  23. Magnesium Deficiency Actually involved in photosynthesis as a part of the chlorophyll molecule; Involved in translocation of phosphates in the plant; Aids in the formation of many plant compounds; and Regulates the uptake of other nutrients.

  24. Iron Deficiency • Essential for chlorophyll formation; • Necessary for photosynthesis; • Part of plant enzyme system; • Critical in the respiration process; and • Necessary in protein formation.

  25. Boron Deficiency • Facilitates the transport of sugars through Membranes; • Necessary for cell division and cell development; • Involves in plant utilization of Magnesium and Phosphorous including synthesis of nucleic acids and protein.

  26. Calcium Deficiency • Needed to form calcium pectate, which gives strength to plant cell walls; • Promote root formation and leaf development; and • Necessary for protein synthesis.

  27. Copper Deficiency • Component of essential plant enzymes; • Essential to protein synthesis; • Promotes beans production; • Essential to chlorophyll formation

  28. Sulfur Deficiency • Essential to Amino Acid synthesis leading to protein formation; • Necessary for bean production; • Influence oil content of beans; and • Influence fruit set.

  29. Zinc Deficiency

  30. Quality - The Essence of the JAMAICAN COFFEE EXPERIENCE CUP CHARACTERISTICS SWEETNESS– DISTINCTLY SWEET SMOOTH CUP ACIDITY– RICHLY LOW--TONED BODYSUBSTANTIAL AROMA -- UNIQUELY ROBUST, DISTINCTIVE CLEAN RESONANT AFTERTASTE

  31. Conclusion Every effort should be made by the growers of Estate coffee, to manipulate or maximize the environmental factors that impact on their farm(s), to develop a uniquely distinctive product, which cannot be duplicated and have distinctive taste characteristics specifically identified with their brand name.

  32. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

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