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IBM System/360 – 1964

IBM System/360 – 1964 . IBM System/360 overview. Announced in 1964 First shipped in 1965 Six models initially announced (ultimately more than a dozen shipped) 40 compatible peripherals 100 other devices (e.g., 029 card punch). Before System/360. Every machine was custom

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IBM System/360 – 1964

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  1. IBM System/360 – 1964

  2. IBM System/360 overview • Announced in 1964 • First shipped in 1965 • Six models initially announced (ultimately more than a dozen shipped) • 40 compatible peripherals • 100 other devices (e.g., 029 card punch)

  3. Before System/360 • Every machine was custom • Basic market target • Business, scientific • For IBM, the 1401 character-oriented business machine, and the 7090 / 7094 scientific machine • Word length • 16 bits, 20 bits, 32 bits, 36 bits, variable • Arithmetic • Binary, decimal • Operand addressing • 1-address, 2-address, 3-address • Registers tended to be special-purpose (accumulator, index, PC) • Operating system

  4. System/360 innovations • 8-bit byte • Byte-addressable memory • 32-bit words • 2’s complement arithmetic • Commercial use of microcoded CPUs • IBM Floating Point Architecture • EBCDIC character set • I/O architecture (channels), PSW, SVC • Many brilliant tradeoffs (e.g., instruction format, halfword alignment, etc.) • A family

  5. Performance range at announcement • Core memory: 8K bytes -> 8M bytes (x1000) • 60x previous largest available • Cycle time: 1 usec -> 200 nsec (x5) • Processing speed: x50 • From 1401 to 2x previous fastest IBM system • (Far greater performance range over time)

  6. IBM System/360 family 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 30, 40, 50, 60, 62, 70 44 65, 75 20, 25 67 85, 91, 95 Baby scientific machine (FPRs) DAT Focused on small business cache 195 S/370

  7. IBM 2314, 1965 233MB $256,000 (x6!) 60 msec latency .312 MB/sec xfer $1099/MB (x6!) Improvement ratio 2000 5000 6 1000 10,000,000 • From Dell, 2006 • 500GB • $300 • 10 msec latency • 375 MB/sec xfer • $0.0006/MB

  8. © 2006 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy © 2004 Jim Gray, Microsoft Corporation

  9. IBM System/360 people • Fred Brooks, project manager • Gene Amdahl, architect • Gerry Blaauw, architect • (many aspects incl. Model 67) • 819 pages of further information … IBM’s 360 and Early 370 Systems Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R. Johnson, and John H. Palmer MIT Press, 1991

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