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Chemical Reactions: Predicting Products and Balancing. This PowerPoint presentation will be FAR more effective if you view it as a slideshow Press shift-F5 to enter slideshow mode Press spacebar to advance through the slides Press backspace to go backwards though the slides
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Chemical Reactions: Predicting Products and Balancing • This PowerPoint presentation will be FAR more effective if you view it as a slideshow • Press shift-F5 to enter slideshow mode • Press spacebar to advance through the slides • Press backspace to go backwards though the slides • Press escape to exit slideshow mode
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 1: Write ONE of each ion directly above (or below) the reactants Step 2: Write ONE of each ion on the product side , but swap the anions Step 3: Write neutral compounds for the products Step 4: Balance atoms (or ions) using coefficients
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of aluminum chloride and magnesium sulfate. Al+3 Cl-1 Mg+2 SO42- AlCl3 + MgSO4 Step 1: Al+3 Cl-1 Mg+2 SO42- Al3+ SO42- + Mg2+ Cl-1 Step 2: AlCl3 + MgSO4 Al+3 Cl-1 Mg+2 SO42- Al3+ SO42- + Mg2+ Cl-1 Step 3: AlCl3 + MgSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + MgCl2
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 2AlCl3(aq) +3MgSO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)+3MgCl2(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) +3MgSO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)+3MgCl2(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) +3MgSO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)+3MgCl2(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) +3MgSO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)+3MgCl2(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 1st 2nd initial 3rd Al 1 2 2 Al 2 2 Cl 3 6 6 Cl 2 6 Mg 1 1 3 Mg 1 3 SO4 1 1 3 SO4 3 3
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of calcium oxalate with nickel (III) acetate Ca+2 C2O4-2 Ni+3 C2H3O2-1 Step 1: CaC2O4+ Ni(C2H3O2)3 Ca+2 C2O4-2 Ni+3 C2H3O2-1 Ca2+ C2H3O2-1 + Ni3+ C2O4-2 Step 2: CaC2O4+ Ni(C2H3O2)3 Ca+2 C2O4-2 Ni+3 C2H3O2-1 Ca2+ C2H3O2-1 + Ni3+ C2O4-2 Step 3: CaC2O4+ Ni(C2H3O2)3 Ca(C2H3O2)2 + Ni2(C2O4)3
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 3CaC2O4(s)+2Ni(C2H3O2)3(aq)3Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq)+1Ni2(C2O4)3(aq) 3CaC2O4(s) +2Ni(C2H3O2)3(aq)3Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) +1Ni2(C2O4)3(aq) • 3CaC2O4(s) +2Ni(C2H3O2)3(aq)3Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) +1Ni2(C2O4)3(aq) • 3CaC2O4(s) +2Ni(C2H3O2)3(aq)3Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) +1Ni2(C2O4)3(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 1st 3rd initial 2nd Ca 1 3 3 Ca 1 3 C2O4 1 3 3 C2O4 3 3 Ni 1 1 2 Ni 2 2 C2H3O2 3 3 6 C2H3O2 2 6
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and titanium (IV) hydroxide H+ Cl-1 Ti+4 OH-1 HCl(aq)+ Ti(OH)4 Step 1: H+ Cl-1 Ti+4 OH-1 H+ OH-1 + Ti4+ Cl-1 HCl(aq)+ Ti(OH)4 Step 2: H+ Cl-1 Ti+4 OH-1 H+ OH-1 + Ti4+ Cl-1 HOH + TiCl4 HCl(aq)+ Ti(OH)4 Step 3:
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 4HCl(aq) +1Ti(OH)4(s)4HOH(l)+1TiCl4(aq) 4HCl(aq) +1Ti(OH)4(s)4HOH(l) +1TiCl4(aq) 4HCl(aq) +1Ti(OH)4(s)4HOH(l) +1TiCl4(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 1st initial 2nd H 1 4 H 1 4 Cl 1 4 Cl 4 4 Ti 1 1 Ti 1 1 OH 4 4 OH 1 4
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of lead (IV) nitrate with cobalt (III) chromate Pb+4 NO3-1 Co+3 CrO4-2 Pb(NO3)4+ Co2(CrO4)3 Step 1: Pb+4 NO3-1 Co+3 CrO4-2 Pb4+ CrO4-2 + Co3+ NO3-1 Step 2: Pb(NO3)4+ Co2(CrO4)3 Pb+4 NO3-1 Co+3 CrO4-2 Pb4+ CrO4-2 + Co3+ NO3-1 Step 3: Pb(NO3)4 + Co2(CrO4)3 Pb(CrO4)2 + Co(NO3)3
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 4 3Pb(NO3)4(aq)+2Co2(CrO4)3(s)3Pb(CrO4)2(s)+2Co(NO3)3(aq) 3Pb(NO3)4(aq) +2Co2(CrO4)3(s)3Pb(CrO4)2(s) +2Co(NO3)3(aq) 3Pb(NO3)4(aq) +2Co2(CrO4)3(s)3Pb(CrO4)2(s) +2Co(NO3)3(aq) 3Pb(NO3)4(aq) +2Co2(CrO4)3(s)3Pb(CrO4)2(s) +2Co(NO3)3(aq) 3Pb(NO3)4(aq) +2Co2(CrO4)3(s)3Pb(CrO4)2(s) +2Co(NO3)3(aq) 3Pb(NO3)4(aq) +2Co2(CrO4)3(s)3Pb(CrO4)2(s) +4Co(NO3)3(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 2nd 3rd initial 1st 2nd 4th Pb 1 1 3 Pb 1 1 3 3 NO3 4 4 12 NO3 3 6 6 12 Co 2 4 4 Co 1 2 2 4 CrO4 3 6 6 CrO4 2 2 6 6
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and iron (III) hydroxide H+ SO4-2 Fe+3 OH-1 H2SO4(aq)+ Fe(OH)3 Step 1: H+ SO4-2 Fe+3 OH-1 H+ OH-1 + Fe3+ SO4-2 H2SO4(aq)+ Fe(OH)3 Step 2: H+ SO4-2 Fe+3 OH-1 H+ OH-1 + Fe3+ SO4-2 Step 3: H2SO4(aq) + Fe(OH)3 HOH + Fe2(SO4)3
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 3H2SO4(aq)+2Fe(OH)3(s)6HOH(l)+1 Fe2(SO4)3(aq) 3H2SO4(aq) +2Fe(OH)3(s)6HOH(l) +1Fe2(SO4)3(aq) 3H2SO4(aq) +2Fe(OH)3(s)6HOH(l) +1Fe2(SO4)3(aq) 3H2SO4(aq) +2Fe(OH)3(s)6HOH(l) +1Fe2(SO4)3(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 1st 2nd initial 3rd H 2 2 6 H 1 6 SO4 1 1 3 SO4 3 3 Fe 1 2 2 Fe 2 2 OH 3 6 6 OH 1 6
Predicting and Balancing Reactions Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrobromicacid and solid aluminum carbonate H+ Br-1 Al+3 CO3-2 HBr(aq)+ Al2(CO3)3(s) Step 1: H+ Br-1 Al+3 CO3-2 H+ CO32 + Al3+ Br-1 Step 2: HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s) H+ Br-1 Al+3 CO3-2 H+ CO3-2 + Al3+ Br-1 Step 3: HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s) H2CO3(aq) + AlBr3
Predicting and Balancing Reactions Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrobromicacid and solid aluminum carbonate HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s) H2CO3(aq) + AlBr3 When carbonic acid is formed, it immediately decomposes into carbon dioxide and water, so the equation above becomes: HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s) CO2(g)+ H2O(l)+ AlBr3
Predicting and Balancing Reactions Step 4: 3HBr(aq) +2Al2(CO3)3(s)3CO2(g) +3H2O(l) +2AlBr3(aq) 6HBr(aq) +2Al2(CO3)3(s)3CO2(g) +3H2O(l) +2AlBr3(aq) 6HBr(aq) +2Al2(CO3)3(s)3CO2(g) +3H2O(l) +2AlBr3(aq) 6HBr(aq) +2Al2(CO3)3(s)3CO2(g) +3H2O(l) +2AlBr3(aq) 3HBr(aq) +2Al2(CO3)3(s)3CO2(g) +3H2O(l) +2AlBr3(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 2nd initial 1st 3rd 4th H 1 6 H 2 2 6 6 Br 1 6 Br 3 6 6 6 Al 2 2 Al 1 2 2 2 C 3 3 C 1 1 1 3 O 9 9 O 3 3 5 9
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of titanium (IV) phosphitewith bismuth (V) sulfite Ti+4 PO3-3 Bi+5 SO3-2 Ti3(PO3)4+ Bi2(SO3)5 Step 1: Ti+4 PO3-3 Bi+5 SO3-2 Ti4+ SO3-2 + Bi5+ PO3-3 Step 2: Ti3(PO3)4 + Bi2(SO3)5 Ti+4 PO3-3 Bi+5 SO3-2 Ti4+ SO3-2 + Bi5+ PO3-3 Step 3: Ti3(PO3)4 + Bi2(SO3)5 Ti(SO3)2 + Bi3(PO3)5
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 5Ti3(PO3)4(s)+6Bi2(SO3)5(aq)15Ti(SO3)2(aq)+4Bi3(PO3)5(s) 5Ti3(PO3)4(s) +6Bi2(SO3)5(aq)15Ti(SO3)2(aq) +4Bi3(PO3)5(s) 5Ti3(PO3)4(s) +6Bi2(SO3)5(aq)15Ti(SO3)2(aq) +4Bi3(PO3)5(s) 5Ti3(PO3)4(s) +6Bi2(SO3)5(aq)15Ti(SO3)2(aq) +4Bi3(PO3)5(s) BALANCED!!! initial 1st 3rd initial 1st 2nd Ti 3 3 15 Ti 1 1 15 PO3 4 4 20 PO3 5 20 20 Bi 2 12 12 Bi 3 12 12 SO3 5 30 30 SO3 2 2 30
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement An aqueous solution of lead (II) chlorate is added to an aqueous solution of copper (I) bromide. What is the balanced equation for this reaction? Pb+2 ClO3-1 Cu+ Br-1 Pb(ClO3)2(aq)+ CuBr(aq) Step 1: Pb+2 Br-1 ClO3-1 Cu+ Pb+2 Br-1 + Cu+ ClO3-1 Pb(ClO3)2(aq) + CuBr(aq) Step 2: Pb+2 ClO3-1 Cu+ Br-1 Pb+2 Br-1 + Cu+ ClO3-1 Step 3: Pb(ClO3)2(aq) + CuBr(aq) PbBr2 + CuClO3
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 1Pb(ClO3)2(aq) +2CuBr(aq)1PbBr2(s) +2CuClO3(aq) 1Pb(ClO3)2(aq) +2CuBr(aq)1PbBr2(s) +2CuClO3(aq) 1Pb(ClO3)2(aq) +2CuBr(aq)1PbBr2(s)+2CuClO3(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 1st initial 2nd Pb 1 1 Pb 1 1 ClO3 2 2 ClO3 1 2 Cu 1 2 Cu 1 2 Br 1 2 Br 2 2
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of mercury (I) nitrate with gold (III) iodide Au+3 Hg2+2 NO3-1 I-1 Hg2(NO3)2+ AuI3 Step 1: Hg2+2 NO3-1 Au+3 Hg2+2 I-1 + Au+3 NO3-1 I-1 Step 2: Hg2(NO3)2 + AuI3 Hg2+2 NO3-1 Au+3 Hg2+2 I-1 + Au+3 NO3-1 I-1 Step 3: Hg2(NO3)2 + AuI3 Hg2I2 + Au(NO3)3
Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement Step 4: 3Hg2(NO3)2(aq) +2AuI3(aq)3Hg2I2(s) +2Au(NO3)3(aq) 3Hg2(NO3)2(aq) +2AuI3(aq)3Hg2I2(s) +2Au(NO3)3(aq) 3Hg2(NO3)2(aq) +2AuI3(aq)3Hg2I2(s) +2Au(NO3)3(aq) 3Hg2(NO3)2(aq) +2AuI3(aq)3Hg2I2(s) +2Au(NO3)3(aq) BALANCED!!! initial 1st 2nd initial 1st 3rd Hg2 1 3 3 Hg2 1 1 3 NO3 2 6 6 NO3 3 6 6 Au 1 1 2 Au 1 2 2 I 3 3 6 I 2 2 6
Balancing Reactions 1C11H24 +17O2(g)11CO2(g) +12H2O(g) 1C11H24 +17O2(g)11CO2(g) +12H2O(g) 1C11H24 +17O2(g)11CO2(g) +12H2O(g) 1C11H24+17O2(g)11CO2(g)+12H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd initial 1st 2nd C 11 11 C 1 11 11 H 24 24 H 2 2 24 O O 2 34 3 23 34
Balancing Reactions 1C32H64+48O2(g)32CO2(g) +32H2O(g) 1C32H64+48O2(g)32CO2(g) +32H2O(g) 1C32H64+48O2(g)32CO2(g) +32H2O(g) 1C32H64+48O2(g)32CO2(g) +32H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd initial 1st 2nd C 32 32 C 1 32 32 H 64 64 H 2 2 64 O O 2 96 3 65 96
Balancing Reactions 16 18 2C8H18 +25O2(g)8CO2(g) +9H2O(g) 2C8H18 +25O2(g)8CO2(g) +9H2O(g) 2C8H18 +25O2(g)8CO2(g) +9H2O(g) 2C8H18+25O2(g)8CO2(g) +9H2O(g) 2C8H18+25O2(g)8CO2(g) +9H2O(g) 2C8H18 +25O2(g)16CO2(g) +18H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd 4th initial 1st 2nd 3rd C 8 16 16 C 1 8 8 16 H 18 36 36 H 2 2 18 36 O O 2 2 50 3 17 25 50
Balancing Reactions 1C8H16 +12O2(g)8CO2(g) +8H2O(g) 1C8H16 +12O2(g)8CO2(g) +8H2O(g) 1C8H16 +12O2(g)8CO2(g) +8H2O(g) 1C8H16+12O2(g)8CO2(g) +8H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd initial 1st 2nd C 8 8 C 1 8 8 H 16 16 H 2 2 16 O O 2 24 3 17 24
Balancing Reactions 16 14 2C8H14+23O2(g)8CO2(g) +7H2O(g) 2C8H14+25O2(g)8CO2(g) +7H2O(g) 2C8H14+23O2(g)8CO2(g) +7H2O(g) 2C8H14+23O2(g)8CO2(g) +7H2O(g) 2C8H14+25O2(g)8CO2(g) +7H2O(g) 2C8H14+23O2(g)16CO2(g) +14H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd 4th initial 1st 2nd 3rd C 8 16 16 C 1 8 8 16 H 14 28 28 H 2 2 14 28 O O 2 2 46 3 17 23 46
Balancing Reactions 1C2H5OH +3O2(g)2CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 1C2H5OH +3O2(g)2CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 1C2H5OH +3O2(g)2CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 1C2H5OH +3O2(g)2CO2(g) +3H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd initial 1st 2nd C 2 2 C 1 2 2 H 6 6 H 2 2 6 O 3 7 O 3 5 7
Balancing Reactions 6 14 2C6H5CO2H+15O2(g)7CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 2C6H5CO2H+15O2(g)7CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 2C6H5CO2H+15O2(g)7CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 2C6H5CO2H +15O2(g)7CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 2C6H5CO2H +15O2(g)7CO2(g) +3H2O(g) 2C6H5CO2H +15O2(g)14CO2(g) +6H2O(g) BALANCED!!! initial 3rd 4th initial 1st 2nd 3rd C 7 14 16 C 1 7 7 14 H 6 12 28 H 2 2 6 12 O O 4 6 34 3 15 17 34
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of nickel (III) hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Ni+3 HCO3-1 Ni(HCO3)3(s) Ni+3 HCO3-1 + Ni+3 CO3-2 H2O CO2 + Ni(HCO3)3(s) CO3-2 + + Ni+3 HCO3-1 Ni+3 H2O CO2 Ni(HCO3)3(s) Ni2(CO3)3 + H2O + CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 2Ni(HCO3)3(s)1Ni2(CO3)3(s) + 3 H2O(g) + 3 CO2(g) 2Ni(HCO3)3(s)1Ni2(CO3)3(s) + 3 H2O(g) + 3 CO2(g) 2Ni(HCO3)3(s)1Ni2(CO3)3(s) + 3 H2O(g) + 3 CO2(g) 2Ni(HCO3)3(s)1Ni2(CO3)3(s) + 3 H2O(g) + 3 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial 1st initial 2nd 3rd Ni 1 2 Ni 2 2 2 C 3 6 C 4 6 6 H 3 6 H 2 2 6 O 9 18 O 12 16 18
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of tin (IV) hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Sn+4 HCO3-1 Sn(HCO3)4(s) Sn+4 HCO3-1 + Sn+4 CO3-2 H2O CO2 + Sn(HCO3)4(s) CO3-2 + + Sn+4 HCO3-1 Sn+4 H2O CO2 Sn(HCO3)4(s) Sn(CO3)2 + H2O + CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 1Sn(HCO3)4(s)1Sn(CO3)2(s) + 2 H2O(g) + 2 CO2(g) 1Sn(HCO3)4(s)1Sn(CO3)2(s) + 2 H2O(g) + 2 CO2(g) 1Sn(HCO3)4(s)1Sn(CO3)2(s) + 2 H2O(g) + 2 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial initial 1st 2nd Sn 1 Sn 1 1 1 C 4 C 3 4 4 H 4 H 2 2 4 O 12 O 9 11 12
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of lithium hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Li+ HCO3-1 LiHCO3(s) Li+ HCO3-1 + Li+ CO3-2 H2O CO2 + LiHCO3(s) CO3-2 + + Li+ HCO3-1 Li+ H2O CO2 LiHCO3(s) Li2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 2LiHCO3(s)1Li2CO3(s) + 1 H2O(g) + 1 CO2(g) 2LiHCO3(s)1Li2CO3(s) + 1 H2O(g) + 1 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial 1st initial Li 1 2 Li 2 C 1 2 C 2 H 1 2 H 2 O 3 6 O 6
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of barium hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Ba+2 HCO3-1 Ba(HCO3)2(s) Ba+2 HCO3-1 + Ba+2 CO3-2 H2O CO2 + Ba(HCO3)2(s) CO3-2 + + Ba+2 HCO3-1 Ba+2 H2O CO2 Ba(HCO3)2(s) BaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 1Ba(HCO3)2(s)1BaCO3(s) + 2 H2O(g) + 2 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial initial Ba 1 Ba 1 C 2 C 2 H 2 H 2 O 6 O 6
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of rubidium carbonate. Remember that all carbonatesproduce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Rb+ CO3-2 Rb2CO3(s) Rb+ CO3-2 Rb+ O-2 CO2 + Rb2CO3(s) O-2 + Rb+ CO3-2 Rb+ CO2 Rb2CO3(s) Rb2O +CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 1Rb2CO3(s)1Rb2O(s) + 1 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial initial Rb 2 Rb 2 C 1 C 1 O 3 O 3
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of copper (II) carbonate. Remember that all carbonatesproduce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Cu2+ CO3-2 CuCO3(s) Cu2+ CO3-2 Cu2+ O-2 CO2 + CuCO3(s) O-2 + Cu2+ CO3-2 Cu2+ CO2 CuCO3(s) CuO +CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 1CuCO3(s)1CuO(s) + 1 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial initial Cu 1 Cu 1 C 1 C 1 O 3 O 3
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of chromium (III) carbonate. Remember that all carbonatesproduce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Cr+3 CO3-2 Cr2(CO3)3(s) Cr+3 CO3-2 Cr+3 O-2 CO2 + Cr2(CO3)3(s) O-2 + Cr+3 CO3-2 Cr+3 CO2 Cr2(CO3)3(s) Cr2O3 +CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 1Cr2(CO3)3(s)1Cr2O3(s) + 3 CO2(g) 1Cr2(CO3)3(s)1Cr2O3(s) + 3 CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial initial 1st Cr 2 Cr 2 2 C 3 C 1 3 O 9 O 5 9
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of manganese (IV) carbonate. Remember that all carbonatesproduce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating. Mn4+ CO3-2 Mn(CO3)2(s) Mn4+ CO3-2 Mn4+ O-2 CO2 + Mn(CO3)2(s) O-2 + Mn4+ CO3-2 Mn4+ CO2 Mn(CO3)2(s) MnO2 +CO2
Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions 1Mn(CO3)2(s)1MnO2(s) + 2 CO2(g) 1Mn(CO3)2(s)1MnO2(s) + 2CO2(g) BALANCED!!! initial initial 1st Mn 1 Mn 1 1 C 2 C 1 2 O 6 O 4 6