1 / 14

HYPOKALEMIA

HYPOKALEMIA. Andal, Charlotte Ang , Jessy A2. Salient Features. 55 year old, male Diarrhea for several weeks Progressive weakness. Laboratory Findings. Patient. Normal Values. 135-145 meq /L 98-106 meq /L 3.5-5.0meq/L >15 meq /L. Blood Chemistry Na = 140 meq /L

oria
Download Presentation

HYPOKALEMIA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HYPOKALEMIA Andal, Charlotte Ang, Jessy A2

  2. Salient Features • 55 year old, male • Diarrhea for several weeks • Progressive weakness

  3. Laboratory Findings Patient Normal Values 135-145 meq/L 98-106 meq/L 3.5-5.0meq/L >15 meq/L Blood Chemistry • Na = 140 meq/L • Cl= 110 meq/L • K = 2.0 meq/L Urinalysis • K = 15 meq/L

  4. ABG Patient Normal Values 7.45-7.45 35-45 mmHg 22-26 meq/L • pH = 7.28 • pCO2= 39mmHg • HCO3 = 16 meq/L

  5. 1. Discuss the diagnostic approach to hypokalemia. What is the cause of hypokalemia in this patient?

  6. Causes of Hypokalemia • Decreased intake • Starvation • Clay ingestion • Redistribution into cells • Acid-base • Hormonal • Anabolic state • Increased loss • Nonrenal • Renal

  7. Causes of Hypokalemia in the Patient • Increased loss • Nonrenal • Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea) • Integumentary loss (sweat) • Renal • Increased distal flow • Increased secretion of potassium

  8. Increased renal K excretion • Loss of gastric contents  volume depletion and metabolic alkalosis  kaliuresis • Hypovolemia stimulates aldosterone release  augments K secretion by the principal cells • Filtered load of HCO3 exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of the proximal convoluted tubule  increasing distal delivery of NaHCO3 which enhances electrochemical gradient favoring K loss in the urine

  9. 2. What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? • Fatigue • Myalgia • Muscular weakness • More severe hypokalemia • Progressive weakness • Hypoventilation • Complete paralysis

  10. 3. What are the adverse medical implications of this condition?

  11. 4. What is the significance of the urinary K levels?

  12. 5. What is the treatment? • Therapeutic goals: • Correct the K deficit • Minimize ongoing losses

  13. Potassium chloride • Preparation of choice • Promote more rapid correction of hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis • Potassium bicarbonate and citrate • Tends to alkalinize the patient • More appropriate for hypokalemia associated with chronic diarrhea

More Related