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Unit G: Hematology

Unit G: Hematology. Specific Objectives. 1H07.02 Analyze the function of the blood. Functions. Our blood transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones through our system. Aids in distribution of heat Regulates acid-base balance

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Unit G: Hematology

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  1. Unit G: Hematology

  2. Specific Objectives • 1H07.02 Analyze the function of the blood

  3. Functions • Our blood transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones through our system. • Aids in distribution of heat • Regulates acid-base balance • Helps protect against infection

  4. PLASMA • This is the liquid part of your blood!

  5. Plasma proteins • Fibrinogen – necessary for blood clotting, synthesized (or formed) in the liver. • Albumin – from the liver, helps maintain blood’s osmotic pressure and volume. • Prothrombin – a globulin which helps blood coagulate. Vitamin K is necessary for prothrombin synthesis.

  6. ERYTHROCYTES • CONTAIN….. www.rkm.com.au/.../CELL-Red-Blood-Cell-150.jpg

  7. Function ofHemoglobin • Red cells travel through the lungs where O2 is carried to tissues and released. CO2 is picked up and carried back to our lungs for exchange. Arterial blood –lots of oxygen = bright red Venousblood–lotsof CO2 = dark crimson

  8. ERYTHROPOIESIS • Manufacturing of RBC’s • Occurs in bone marrowWhere? • Red cells live 120 days • Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver http://www.mcl.tulane.edu/classware/pathology/Krause/Blood/EP1.jpg

  9. HEMOLYSIS • Is the rupture or bursting of erythrocytes. • can be caused from a blood transfusion or disease.

  10. LEUKOCYTES • Their main job is to fight for us….they fight off infection!

  11. PHAGOCYTOSIS • Process of white cells surrounding, engulfing and digesting harmful bacteria.

  12. Basophils are a type of WBC that produces HEPARIN – an anticoagulant (that means it stops blood from clotting)

  13. DIAPEDESIS • When white cells move through the capillary wall and into neighboring tissue. • This usually happens when an area of tissue is injured or damaged and an inflammation response is needed.

  14. Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma INFLAMMATION

  15. PATHOGENS • Disease producing microorganisms can cause inflammation • Symptoms – • Why? Bacterial toxins, increased blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues (edema) redness local heat swelling pain

  16. THROMBOCYTES (Platelets) • Smallest of the solid components in our blood. • Synthesized in the red marrow • Not cells – really fragments of megakaryocytes • Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process

  17. COAGULATION • Cut or injury  platelets and injured tissue release THROMBOPLASTIN  act on PROTHROMBIN in plasma  + Calcium ions converts to THROMBIN  the thrombin acts as an enzyme and changes FIBRINOGEN  FIBRIN creating a mesh that traps red blood cells, platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.

  18. ANTICOAGULANTS– prevent blood clotting • HEPARIN = antiprothrombin • PROTHROMBIN – dependent on Vitamin K

  19. BLOOD TYPES • Four major types of blood - A, B, AB and O • Inherited from parents • Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell. • An antigen is a substance that stimulates an immune response, especially the production of antibodies. A B AB O

  20. ANTIBODY – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign substance that enters the body. • Someone with type A blood has b antibodies • Someone with type B blood has a antibodies • Someone with type AB blood has no antibodies • Someone with type O blood has a and b antibodies

  21. Blood Donors • UNIVERSALDONOR – Type O • UNIVERSALRECIPIENT Type AB

  22. Rh factor • Red cells also may contain Rh factor • If you have it, you’re Rh + (pos) • If you don’t, you’re Rh – (neg)

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