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TSUNAMI

TSUNAMI. AMANO MAI SEKIYA HIDEHIKO YAMAGUCHI HIROSHI. CIVIL ENGINEERING ENGLISH 1 2007/2/6. CONTENTS. ACCIDENTS CASE 1~3 MECHANISM CAUSES OCCURRENCE TRANSMISSION VELOCITY HEIGHT SUBMERGENCE MITIGATION MEASURES CONCLUSIONS. ACCIDENTS ~CASE 1~. 1993/07/12 Okushiri Island was

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TSUNAMI

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  1. TSUNAMI AMANO MAI SEKIYA HIDEHIKO YAMAGUCHI HIROSHI CIVIL ENGINEERING ENGLISH 1 2007/2/6

  2. CONTENTS • ACCIDENTS • CASE 1~3 • MECHANISM • CAUSES • OCCURRENCE • TRANSMISSION • VELOCITY • HEIGHT • SUBMERGENCE • MITIGATION MEASURES • CONCLUSIONS

  3. ACCIDENTS ~CASE 1~ 1993/07/12 Okushiri Island was damaged by tsunami. Big earthquake FIG. 1 Picture of tsunami Big tsunami

  4. ACCIDENTS ~CASE 2~ Aona port was damaged by tsunami. FIG. 2 Damage of Aona port Fishing boat and the breakwater were destroyed. FIG. 3 Damage of breakwater (http://www.bo-sai.co.jp/sub8.html)

  5. ACCIDENTS ~CASE 3~ Inaho elementary school was damaged by tsunami. FIG. 4 Damage of Inaho elementary school (http://www.bo-sai.co.jp/sub8.html) TSUNAMI DAMAGE A LOT OF INFRASTRUCTURE!!

  6. MECHANISM ~CAUSES~ Earthquakes Volcanic activities Falls of meteors The causes of tsunami 95％ of causes is earthquakes!!!! tsunami is constructed by three parts. 1. OCCURRENCE 2. TRANSMISSON 3. SUBMERGENCE FIG. 5 Sequence of tsunami （http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2）

  7. MECHANISM ~OCCURRENCE~ Mechanism of tsunami When earthquake occurs, the bottom of the sea raises or sinks. The reaction from changing crust lifts or pulls down seawater above that point. FIG. 5-a Before tsunami TSUNAMI OCCURS FIG . 5-b After tsunami

  8. g×d MECHANISM ~TRANSMISSION~ 1. VELOCITY For example The velocity of tsunami is only influenced by depth of water. Depth of sea Velocity 10m 36km/h 500m 252km/h 4000m 712km/h This is that of Boeing 707!!

  9. MECHANISM ~TRANSMISSION~ 2. HEIGHT The height of tsunami is influenced by depth of Water. Because depth of shore is low, height becomes too high. FIG. 6 Relationship of tsunami Too dangerous!! Maximum of height Japan 38,2m (1896, Meijisanrikutsunami) World 520m (1958, Alaska) (http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2)

  10. MECHANISM ~SUBMERGENCE~ Concentration of tsunami Tsunami is different from tidal wave. Tsunami has potential energy. FIG. 7-a Potential energy can concentrate in particular topography. Ex) Saw-toothed coastline It's too dangerous!!! FIG. 7-b

  11. MITIGATION MEASURES Actually, there are few provisions. • Build a breakwater • Live in a concrete building • Flee into the second floor if tsunami happens etc. FIG. 8water gate “byuuo” FIG. 9 Model of “MONE’S HOUSE” (http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/doboku/buchou1/talk/talk17.htm) (http://www.k3.dion.ne.jp/~monet/sub2zennkei.html)

  12. CONCLUSIONS • KNOWLEDGE • REFUGE • RECONSTRUCT

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