Human Body Project Auditory System

1. Human Body ProjectAuditory System By Hector Rodriguez and Fernando Trinidad

2. Structure of the Auditory System • In the human body, the system is responsible for taking in sound from the environment is known as the Auditory System. • The hearing structure of the ear is divided into three parts. • Structure: • The Outer Ear: consists of the external ear structure, called the pinna, and the external canal. • The Middle Ear: contains the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, and three small bones known as ossicles. • The Inner Ear: contains the cochlea and connected bony structures called the semicircles.

4. The Outer Ear Functions • The external ear consist of two portions: • 1. Pinna is the skin covered flabby cartilage of the ear visible on both sides of the head. • -Its function is to protect the eardrum (tympanic membrane). • 2. External Canal: In the external canal there sweat glands that secrete ear wax. • - The external canal is important, these glands and hair cells prevent dust from entering the ear. • Sound starts as acoustic energy when it enters the pinna. Then leads to the Middle Ear.

5. The Middle Ear • The Middle Ear contains the eardrum and three small bones known as ossicles. • The three types of ossicles bones are: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes. • Function of ossicles: • - Only 99.9% of sound is reflected due to the high impedance of fluid in the cochlea.0.1% is loss in the air. • The Middle ears bones overcome the lost of sound by increasing sound pressure(+34dB) this process is known as impendence matching • Basically it sets three ossicle bones (malleus,Incus, and Stapes) into motions, changing the acoustic energy to mechanical energy. These bones amplify sound.

6. The Inner Ear • Major function of the inner ear is hearing: • It transmits sound to neutral impulse and gives resonant frequency. • Inner hair cells: produce sensation of hearing • Outer hair cells: modify basilar membrane • When the stapes move in and out of the oval window, it creates a fluid motion, which is called hydrodynamic energy. Finally, causes membranes in the organ of corti to shear against the hair cells. This creates an electrochemicalsignal then it sends the sounds to the auditory nerve to the brain where the sound is recognized.

7. Disease and Treatment • One dysfunction is deafness, the absence of functional hearing. People who are deaf may be able to detect some sounds, but are unlikely to be able to use sound alone as a component of the learning system. • What are some causes: • Aging • Certain drugs • Infection • Injury • Noise exposure • Treatment People with hearing loss can use a hearing aid or other amplification devices. Others individuals choose to have a cochlear implant, which helps the hearing system transmit sound signals to the brain.

8. 10 Facts • The Outer Ear: consists of the external ear structure, called the pinna, and the external canal. • The Middle Ear: contains the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, and three small bones known as ossicles. • The Inner Ear: contains the cochlea and connected bony structures called the semicircles. • In the human body, the system is responsible for taking in sound from the environment is known as the Auditory System. • The three types of ossicles bones are: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes. • The Middle ears bones overcome the lost of sound by increasing sound pressure(+34dB) this process is known as impendence matching • When the stapes move in and out of the oval window, it creates a fluid motion, which is called hydrodynamic energy. • deafness, the absence of functional hearing. • The external canal is important, because the glands and hair cells prevent dust from entering the ear. • Only 99.9% of sound is reflected due to the high impedance of fluid in the cochlea.0.1% is loss in the air.

9. Bibliography "Auditory System." Stanford University. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. <http://www.stanford.edu/class/me220/data/lectures /lect01/auditory.html>. "Auditory System." TheFreeDictionary.com. Web. 29 A<http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Auditor y%20System>. "Auditory System." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_system>.