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NUCLEAR ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY. Where does the energy come from? Energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom. How is energy given off from the nucleus?. When two nuclei join, called fusion Ex. hydrogen joining to form helium. How is energy given off from the nucleus?.

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NUCLEAR ENERGY

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  1. NUCLEAR ENERGY Where does the energy come from? Energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom

  2. How is energy given off from the nucleus? • When two nuclei join, called fusion Ex. hydrogen joining to form helium

  3. How is energy given off from the nucleus? • When the nucleus splits apart, called fission Ex. In nuclear reactors; making nuclear weapons

  4. LIGHT ENERGY • Where does the energy come from? • Energy comes from vibrations in electrically charged particles

  5. Invisible light? • Not all light can be seen • Light does NOT need matter to transfer energy. • Light energy can transfer through space

  6. SOUND • Where does its energy come from? • Energy comes from an object’s vibrations • Ex. Strings on instruments cause the air molecules around them to vibrate. Vibrations carry the sound to our ears • Sound requires matter to transfer energy

  7. ELECTRICAL ENERGY • Energy comes from moving electrons • Energy is transferred from a power plant through wires

  8. CHEMICAL ENERGY • Energy comes from the rearrangement of atoms when new compounds form

  9. THERMAL ENERGY • Depends on the motion of the molecules AND how many molecules are present.

  10. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? • Higher temperature = more thermal energy • Larger amount of a substance = more thermal energy

  11. THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER • Heat is the transfer of energy from one substance to another • It transfers from the warmer object to the cooler object • The transfer will end when both objects reach the same temperature

  12. THREE WAYS TO TRANSFER THERMAL ENERGY • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

  13. CONDUCTION • Particles from a warmer object transfer by colliding with particles from the cooler object.

  14. CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS • Substances that conduct thermal energy very well are conductors Substances that do not conduct thermal energy very well are insulators

  15. CONVECTION • Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas

  16. RADIATION • Thermal energy transferred through electromagnetic waves • Visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, x-rays…..

  17. MECHANICAL ENERGY • Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + Potential energy • ME = KE + PE

  18. KINETIC ENERGY • Kinetic energy is energy due to motion • Book example: KE allows the hammer to do work on the nail • KE = mv2 or ½(mv2) 2

  19. CALCULATE: • How would the KE increase if an object doubled its speed? • It would change by 22 or 4 times as much

  20. CALCULATE: • What is the KE of a car that has a mass of 1200 kg and is moving at 20 m/s? • Remember KE = mv2 2

  21. KE = 1200 kg x (20 m/s)2 2 = 1200kg x 400 m2/s2 2 = 480,000 kg x m2/s2 2 = 240,000 Joules

  22. POTENTIAL ENERGY • Energy that an object has due to its position. • Gravitational Potential Energy • Work was done on an object to lift it up against gravity • GPE = m x g x h • GPE = weight x height

  23. CALCULATE: • What is the GPE of a book that weighs 13N and is 1.5 meters off of the ground? • GPE = 13N x 1.5 m • 19.5 N x m • 19.5 Joules

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