Catalyst – December 99 0 , 2010 WAY BACK WEDNESDAY!!!

1. Catalyst – December 990, 2010WAY BACK WEDNESDAY!!! • Why are flies so hard to swat? • Why are there 360 degrees in a circle??? (Come up with something – try to answer!!!) http://www.reekoscience.com/qanda.aspx

2. Today’s Agenda • Catalyst • HW Review • Home Plate: Acid-Base Neutralization • Foldable Work Time • Exit Question

3. Today’s Objectives • SWBAT describe acid-base neutralization reactions with words and equations. • SWBAT describe real-life applications of acid-base neutralization reactions.

4. Acids and Bases

5. Review from Yesterday • 1st Base: Dissociation • 2nd Base: Characteristics of As and Bs • 3rd Base: pH • Home Plate: TODAY!!!!

6. POP QUIZ!!!! (6 minutes)

7. Why is Understanding pH Important? • Kidney Stone Treatment • Pool pH Levels

8. Kidney Stones • Kidney stones are hard, solid rocks that form in the urinary tract. They are one of the most painful ailments. If a stone (even a small one) becomes lodged and blocks the flow of urine, excruciating pain may result, and prompt medical intervention may be needed.

9. Kidney Stones • Testing the Acidity of Urine • Testing whether urine is acid or alkaline helps to identify the specific type of stone. The levels of acid or alkaline in any solution, including urine, are indicated by the pH scale: • A pH value of 7.0 is neutral. • A solution with a low pH (below 7.0) is acidic. (A low pH favors uric acid and cystine stones.) • A solution with a high pH is alkaline. (A high pH favors calcium phosphate and struvite stones.)

10. Pool pH Levels • Water that is either too acidic or too alkaline will cause undesirable chemical reactions. • If the water is too acidic, it will corrode metal equipment, cause etching on the surface materials, and cause skin irritation. • If the water is too alkaline (basic), it can cause scaling on the pool surface and plumbing equipment and can cloud the water. • Additionally, both high acidity and high alkalinity alters the effectiveness of the chlorine. The chlorine won't destroy pathogens as well if the water is too alkaline, and it will dissipate much more quickly if the water is too acidic.

11. Pool pH Levels • Most pool experts recommend a pool pH between 7.2 and 7.8. • Adding sodium carbonate (soda ash) or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) will generally raise the pH, and adding muriatic acid or sodium bisulfate will lower the pH. • Maintaining the proper balance of chemicals in the pool is a continual process, because any new element -- oils from a swimmer's body, a shot of chlorine, stuff that falls in the water -- shifts the water's total chemical makeup.

12. HOME PLATE (Neutralization)

13. Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions REAL-LIFE EXAMPLES

14. #1: Acid Reflux and Tums The human stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl), commonly known as "stomach acid“ Stomach acid is made when you eat something, but when a person eats something requiring the stomach to work EXTRA hard—say, a pizza—the stomach may generate EXCESS hydrochloric acid, and the result is HEARTBURN

15. Here’s an Animation! • http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/digestive/adam-200087.htm

16. #1: Acid Reflux and Tums When this happens, people often take antacids, which contain chemicals such as… aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 or magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 What do these chemicals have in common?

17. More In-Depth Info • Antacids neutralize digestive acids and are the primary drugs for mild symptoms. They are best used alone for relief of occasional and unpredictable episodes of heartburn. They all work by neutralizing the acid in the stomach. They may also stimulate the defensive systems in the stomach by increasing bicarbonate and mucous secretion. Many antacids are available without prescription and are the first drugs recommended to relieve heartburn and mild symptoms. Despite the many brands, they all rely on various combinations of three basic ingredients: magnesium, calcium, or aluminum.

18. #1: Acid Reflux and Tums What type of reaction is this?? THEY ARE BASES!!!!!! DUH Ms. Stroh! True…taking an antacid when there is excess acid in your stomach neutralizes the acid HCl + Al(OH)3 →

19. #1: Acid Reflux and Tums AlCl3 + H2O So, What will be the products of this reaction? DON’T FORGET TO KRISS KROSS! HCl + Al(OH)3 → We just turned that aggressive acid into neutral old water…

20. Can Your Stomach Digest Itself??? • http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/digestive/question464.htm

21. #2: First Aid for Toilet Bowl Cleaner Spill or Ingestion Danger: Corrosive - produces chemical burns. Contains Hydrochloric Acid. Do not get in eyes, on skin. May be fatal if swallowed. Do not breath vapor or fumes. First-Aid: Internal - Call physician. Drink a teaspoon of magnesia, chalk, small pieces of soap, raw egg white, or milk. External - Eyes - Wash with water for 15 minutes. Skin - Wipe acid off gently, flood with water, cover with moist magnesia or baking soda.

22. #3: Treating Acidic Soil After Mining

23. #3: Treating Acidic Soil • When land formerly used for mining is reclaimed, the acidic water in the area must be neutralized, and the use of calcium oxide (CaO) as a base is one means of doing so. Acidic soil, too, can be neutralized by the introduction of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or limestone, along with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). • If soil is too basic, as for instance in areas where there has been too little precipitation, acid-like substances such as calcium sulfate or gypsum (SaSO4) can be used. In either case, neutralization promotes plant growth.

24. Neutralization! Generic Equation WATER ACID BASE SALT DON’T FORGET TO KRISS-KROSS!!!! Key Point #1: A neutralization reaction is a double-replacement reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce water and a salt • Acid + Base  Water + Salt • HY + X(OH)  H2O + XY

25. Neutralization Reactions Write the balanced chemical reaction for hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide HCl + NaOH →NaCl + H2O ACID BASE SALT WATER

26. Example Nitric acid (HNO3)and potassium hydroxide • Balanced Equation: • Name the Products:

27. Together • Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and calcium hydroxide • Balanced Equation: • Name the Products:

28. Acid-Base Foldable! • Left Side: Acid Info • Right Side: Base Info • Center: Info • Define pH • Draw a pH Scale with at least 5 common items labeled • Define neutralization reaction with general equation and at least 2 example equations • Give at least one real-world example of neutralization with words and/or pics

29. Exit Question • Give an example of an acid (chemical formula) and describe how it fits the definition of an acid. • Which is a stronger base, pH=10 or pH=13? Worksheet for HOMEWORK!!! We will finish foldables tom in class!