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NetBios WINS Ipv6

NetBios WINS Ipv6. MIS 4700 Dr. Garrett. History Of NetBIOS. Developed by Sytek in 1983 Adopted by IMB and Microsoft Small peer-to-peer networks Protocol and Application Programming Interface (API) NetBEUI and NetBT. What is NetBIOS (And Why Do I Care)?.

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NetBios WINS Ipv6

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  1. NetBiosWINSIpv6 MIS 4700 Dr. Garrett

  2. History Of NetBIOS • Developed by Sytek in 1983 • Adopted by IMB and Microsoft • Small peer-to-peer networks • Protocol and Application Programming Interface (API) • NetBEUI and NetBT Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  3. What is NetBIOS (And Why Do I Care)? • Maintains a list of unique names assigned to network resources • Named resources include • Files • Services • Users • Computers • Workgroups and domains • Names not addresses Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  4. How Windows 2000/ XP, And Windows Server 2003 Work With NetBIOS • Windows 2000 and later use DNS as the preferred method of resolving names • Enable NetBIOS name resolution for older versions of Windows • WINS server • NetBIOS over TCP/IP • Windows Server 2003 DNS services are compatible with WINS Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  5. NetBIOS and TCP/IP • Using DNS only • Using NBF only • Combining TCP/IP and NetBIOS • NetBT and NBF enabled by default on Windows 2000 and Windows XP • WINS integrated with DNS • LMHOSTS Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  6. NetBIOS and TCP/IP (cont.) • NetBIOS emulator • CIFS • SMB • Dynamic link library • Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  7. NetBIOS and TCP/IP (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  8. How Does NetBIOS Work? • NetBIOS takes advantage of • Simple naming • Address handling • Message format conventions • NetBIOS supports • Connectionless datagrams • Connection-oriented session frames Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  9. How Does NetBIOS Work? (cont.) • NetBIOS traffic • Datagrams • Connectionless “announcement” type traffic • Request and Response • Session frames • Connection-oriented • Interaction with a process running on another host Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  10. How Does NetBIOS Work? (cont.) • Registering and Challenging NetBIOS Names • Name Registration Request packet • Negative Name Registration Reply • NetBIOS name resolution • Three categories • Look up list of names on local host • Broadcast queries on the local subnet • Direct queries to name servers • Other NetBIOS services Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  11. How Does NetBIOS Work? (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  12. NetBIOS Names • NetBIOS names are base on • Username during logon • Information configured for the specific computer • Structure of NetBIOS names • Two general types • Unique names • Group names • 16 characters long Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  13. NetBIOS Names (cont.) • NetBIOS name types and suffixes • NetBIOS names end with a one-character (2-byte) suffix • Service or function called by that name • Range from 00 to FF • NetBIOS scope identifier • Back door to add further differentiation to resource names Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  14. NetBIOS Name Registration And Resolution • NetBIOS names are registered and resolved using a variety of methods • Node type • NetBIOS name cache and the LMHOSTS file • WINS servers configured as NetBIOS Name Servers • DNS and the HOSTS file Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  15. Name Resolution Regimes by Node Type • B-Node (Broadcast Node) • b-node registers and resolves names by using only broadcasts • P-Node (Peer Node) • p-node attempts to register and resolve names using the local WINS server • M-Node (Mixed Node) • The m-node is a mixture of the first two node types Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  16. Name Resolution Regimes by Node Type (cont.) • H-Node (Hybrid Node) • h-node is a hybrid that uses the p-node method first and the b-node type second • Enhanced B-Node • First uses the NetBIOS name cache, then the LMHOSTS file, then tries normal b-node Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  17. NetBIOS Name Cache and LMHOSTS File • NetBIOS name cache • Temporary file • Resides in memory • NetBIOS name to IP addresses • LMHOSTS file • Plain text file • Lists NetBIOS name to IP addresses • Edit with plain text editor • <windows root>\system32\drivers\etc Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  18. WINS Name Registration And Resolution • WINS servers are • NetBIOS name servers • Dynamic database of NetBIOS names and IP addresses • Send unicasts • Windows 2000 and Windows XP utilize up to 11 secondary WINS servers Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  19. WINS Name Registration And Resolution (cont.) • Wait Acknowledgement (WACK) • Negative Name Registration Reply packet • Name Conflict Demand packet • Name Release Demand packet • Special name registration regime • Burst mode Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  20. DNS And HOSTS File • DNS is the preferred method of name resolution for Windows 2000 and Windows XP • Some applications or clients attempt to resolve names with the HOSTS file • HOSTS file lists IP name and IP address pairs • UNIX and Linux name resolution order • Local host • HOSTS file • DNS • NetBIOS Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  21. NetBIOS Over TCP/IP • NetBIOS had to accommodate TCP/IP’s conventions • NetBIOS scope identifier was added • Had to create a set of steps to make NetBIOS names and commands transportable—and translatable—over a TCP/IP connection Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  22. NetBIOS Over TCP/IP (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  23. NetBIOS And DNS Name Resolution • Creating a usable host name from a NetBIOS name • DNS name must be printable • Encode NetBIOS names in 32-character ASCII string composed of capital letters “A” through “P” • Converting an encoded NetBIOS name to a Fully Qualified Domain Name • Domain portion of the name had to be added • NetBIOS scope identifier Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  24. NetBIOS And DNS Name Resolution (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  25. NetBIOS And DNS Name Resolution (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  26. WINS Servers • How WINS works • Registers NetBIOS names and IP addresses • Can be configured to return the IP address associated with a resource name • TTL and version number Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  27. Different WINS Configurations • Three different WINS topologies • Single WINS server • WINS server with WINS proxy • WINS sever with WINS proxy and replicated WINS services • WINS server • Check server statistics • Check the database and version numbers for consistency Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  28. Different WINS Configurations (cont.) • WINS server (cont.) • Mark records for eventual deletion (called “tombstoning” the records) • Remove old records (scavenge the database) • Search for active registrants • Back up and restore the database • Create or delete static records • Delete dynamic records • Export the database as a .csv text file • Set replication parameters Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  29. Different WINS Configurations (cont.) • WINS proxy • WINS client attempts to resolve any b-node Name Query broadcasts it hears on its own network segment by querying the WINS server(s) configured for it • WINS proxy can resolve the name using WINS, or its own local NetBIOS name cache • WINS proxy will not attempt to register names Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  30. Different WINS Configurations (cont.) • WINS replication • Multiple subnets benefit from multiple WINS servers • Push/pull replication • RR version number incrimination • Highest number wins Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  31. Integrating WINS And DNS • Resolve NetBIOS names in the primary or zone root domain • MS DNS cannot resolve NetBIOS names that are not direct children of the zone root or primary DNS domain • Two choices for integrating WINS with MS DNS • Each subdomain has its own Start of Authority (SOA) with its own zone root DNS • Create a special domain just for NetBIOS clients Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  32. Integrating WINS And DNS (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  33. Integrating WINS And DNS (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  34. Pointing DNS At WINS For NetBIOS Name Resolution • Configure by • DSN console • Editing the Registry • WINS server is entered as an RR in the MS DNS server’s database • owner class WINS [LOCAL] [L<value>] [C<value>] <wins_address> Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  35. Reverse DNS Lookup For NetBIOS Names • Configure WINS-R for MS DNS servers in the reverse lookup zone root • WINS-R information is entered as an RR in the MS DNS server’s database • owner class WINS-R [LOCAL] [L<value>] [C<value>] <domain_to_append> Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  36. Windows Server 2003 WINS Improvements • Two improvements • Filtering records • Locate records by specific criteria • Analyzing very large WINS database records • Accepting replication partners • Define lists that control the source of incoming name records or accepts only name records from specific replication partners Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  37. Tools For Troubleshooting NetBIOS And WINS Problems • NBTSTAT • WINS and DNS Consoles • SNMP for WINS • Packet Analyzers Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  38. Tools For Troubleshooting NetBIOS And WINS Problems (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  39. Tools For Troubleshooting NetBIOS And WINS Problems (cont.) • Typical errors in NetBIOS and WINS • Misconfiguration of end nodes due to user error • Incorrect network logon due to user error • Wrong node type due to user error or misconfigured DHCP • Timeouts set too low to allow for network latency • Unwanted traffic due to misconfiguration of end nodes and/or servers, or client/server topology Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  40. Tools For Troubleshooting NetBIOS And WINS Problems (cont.) • Typical errors in NetBIOS and WINS (cont.) • Malicious errors (intrusion, node masquerading, forced name releases) • Unusual numbers of forced name releases due to incorrect end node shutdown • Bogged-down servers due to incorrect configuration or topology • Security flaws in NetBIOS Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  41. IPv6

  42. Why Create A New Version Of IP? • Lack of universally valid IP addresses • Classless Inter-domain Routing • Network Address Translation • “Private” IP addresses • DHCP Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  43. The IPv6 Address Space • Address format and allocations • Address format and notations • FEDC:BA45:1234:3245:E54E:A101:1234:ABCD • 1018:FD0C:0:9:90:900:10BB:A • Network and host address • Scope identifier • Interface identifiers • IPv6 addresses that contain IPv4 addresses • A proposal for native IPv6 addresses in URLs Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  44. The IPv6 Address Space (cont.) Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  45. The IPv6 Address Space (cont.) • Address types • Special addresses • No more broadcasts • Multicast addresses • Anycast addresses • Unicast addresses • Aggregatable global unicast addresses • Link-local and site-local addresses Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  46. The IPv6 Address Space (cont.) • Address allocations • NSAP allocations • Point-to-point links • Unicast and Anycast allocations • Assign address blocks to “exchanges” that make further distributions • Multicast allocations • OxFF Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  47. Routing Considerations • Neighbor Discovery and Router Advertisements • Router Solicitation (RS) • Router Advertisement (RA) • Neighbor Solicitation (NS) • Neighbor Advertisement (NA) • Redirect • Path MTU discovery and changes in fragmentation Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  48. IPv6 Packet Formats • Basic IPv6 header format • Version Field • Class Field • Flow Label Field • Payload Length Field • Next Header Field • Hop Limit Field • Source IP Address Field • Destination IP address Field Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  49. New And Enhanced IPv6 Features • Autoconfiguration • Stateless autoconfiguration • Stateful autoconfiguration and DHCPv6 • Security • Terms of encryption • Security architecture • Access control • Connectionless integrity • Data origin authentication Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

  50. New And Enhanced IPv6 Features (cont.) • Security (cont.) • Security architecture (cont.) • Protection against replays • Confidentiality • Limit traffic flow confidentiality • IPSec implementation and basic operation • Traffic mode and tunneling mode • Keys and coordination Guide to TCP/IP, Second Edition

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