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SMALCALD ARTICLES

SMALCALD ARTICLES. Story Behind the Confession. The changed circumstances (from 1530): papal intransigence; spreading Lutheranism

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SMALCALD ARTICLES

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  1. SMALCALD ARTICLES

  2. Story Behind the Confession • The changed circumstances (from 1530): papal intransigence; spreading Lutheranism • Renewed negotiations with South German Protestants: WITTENBERG CONCORD “Therefore they hold that, where Christ’s institution and command are observed, the body and blood of Christ are truly distributed to the unworthy, too, and they truly receive it.” • The question: What does “unworthy” mean?

  3. Differences of interpretation • “Unworthy” pertains to the attitude of a humble believer. (Lord, I am not worthy to have you come under my roof.) • “Unworthy” describes the attitude of an unbeliever. (Whoever does not believe or doubts is unworthy.)

  4. The two teachings • Sacramentarians granted reception of Christ’s body to believers only. • Lutherans insisted that, since the word of Jesus makes the sacrament what it is, his body and blood are received by both believers and unbelievers. Faith does not validate the sacrament but receives it, for the believer a blessing, for the unbeliever a judgment. D: 32

  5. I. Ecumenical • Sounds like Athanasian Creed • Mary = semper virgines? • 1215 1st canon • We emphasize Holy Spirit, not Mary

  6. II. Confrontational • Justification • The Mass • Monasticism • The Papacy

  7. 1. Justification • The 4 Giants of the Bible • Romans 4:25 • John 1:29 • Isaiah 53:6 • Romans 3:23-25 • Why is it correct to say that Luther's text is Scripture alone? • Luther “walks with hob-nailed boots” • Places the papacy in the company of the devil

  8. 2. The Mass • The Mass had become the greatest abomination • Human invention • Unnecessary • A better way • Abuses • Human work • Self-communion?? • The decisive issue in the council

  9. RomanChurch ThePapacy The Mass

  10. “This Dragon’s Tail” • Purgatory 2nd Benchmark: Only the Word of God shall establish articles of faith. • Souls of the Departed • Pilgrimages • Fraternities • Relics • Indulgences • Invocation of the Saints

  11. 3. Monasticism • A short article because monasticism was in decline • “For all of this, too, is contrary to the first and chief article concerning redemption in Jesus Christ.”

  12. 4. The Papacy • The pope is NOT the head of all Christendom “by divine right.” • In the papacy the anti-Christian spirit comes to culmination • The true end-times Antichrist • Endchrist • Widerchrist

  13. The spirit of heresy The Roman empire Nero Diocletian Julian Caligula Titus Simon Magus the Jews Resurrected Nero Emperor Frederick II A son of Luther Peter the Great Rasputin Secretary-General of the UN Militant Islam Friedrich Nietzsche Marilyn Manson Ronald Wilson Reagan (666) George W. Bush David Hasselhoff Who is the Antichrist?

  14. The Marks of the Antichrist2 Thessalonians 2 • The pope reigns in the church • Papal teaching contradicts the gospel • He assumes the right to alter Christ’s teaching • He claims power to loose and bind in this life and authority over souls after this life • He places his authority above councils • He defends dreadful errors with the greatest savagery: Masses, indulgences, saints D: 33

  15. Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope • The bishop of Rome claims: • Superiority over all bishops and pastors • Both swords • Necessary for salvation to believe this • Scripture and church history reject hierarchy in the church • Proof passages for hierarchy are misinterpreted • Mt 16:18 and Jn 21:17

  16. The Power and Jurisdiction of Bishops • Scripture does not set up a hierarchy • The right of government is given to the entire church • Matrimonial cases belong to the jurisdiction of the government – not the church

  17. Sin The Law Repentance The Gospel Baptism Sacrament of the Altar The Keys Confession Excommunication Ordination and Vocation Marriage of priests The Church Justification and Good Works Monastic Vows Human Regulations III. Conversational

  18. Original sin = the chief sin Fruits of this sin Believed on the basis of the Scriptures Scholastic teaching: Natural powers uncorrupted A free will by nature Ability to keep God’s commands Natural power to love God Do the best you can Enough not to have an evil intention Can do good works without faith = Pagan teachings 1. Concerning Sin

  19. 2. Concerning the Law • The message that reveals our sinfulness • A curb • A mirror

  20. 3. Concerning Repentance • The salutary effect of the law as a mirror • Longest article in SA • Active and passive contrition • After the Law come with the Gospel

  21. PENANCE Contrition Confession Satisfaction “always doing penance but never arriving at repentance” REPENTANCE Contrition Faith “Nothing in my hand I bring; simply to Thy cross I cling.” simul justus et peccator

  22. D: 34-36

  23. 4. Concerning the Gospel • The spoken Word • Baptism • The Sacrament of the Altar • The Keys • Mutual conversation

  24. 5. Concerning Baptism • Thomas Aquinas and the Dominicans – the water is spiritualized • Duns Scotus and the Franciscans – Baptism is turned into a symbol * * * • Do not exempt infants from original sin. D: 37 & 38

  25. Romanists have a partial sacrament; the Reformed have no sacrament Substance = what makes a thing what it is Accident = attached to a substance 6. Concerning the Sacrament of the Altar Body and Blood changed to Bread and Wine

  26. D: 39

  27. 7. Concerning the Keys • An office and authority given to the church by Christ to bind and loose sins.

  28. 8. Concerning Confession • Luther stresses absolution. • Enthusiasts say the Holy Spirit doesn’t need means and so the Word isn’t necessary. THE BENCHMARKS OF LUTHERANISM 1st Benchmark: All Scripture is Law and Gospel. (AAC IV:5 p. 83) 2nd Benchmark: Only the Word of God shall establish articles of faith. (SA II:15 p. 266) 3rd Benchmark: God does not deal with us except through Word and Sacrament. (SA VIII:10 p. 281)

  29. Rejected!! Denied!! D: 40

  30. 9. Concerning Excommunication • Impenitence = the other side of the Keys • Interdict

  31. 10. Concerning Ordination and Vocation • Who administers the Means of Grace?

  32. 11. Concerning the Marriage of Priests • “so little did they have the power to separate such creatures of God or to forbid them from living together honestly in marriage”

  33. 12. Concerning the Church • “a seven-year-old child knows what the church is: holy believers and the little sheep who hear the voice of their Shepherd” • Believers gathered around the Means of Grace

  34. 13. How a Person is Justified and Concerning Good Works • The heart and core of Lutheran theology • AC IV and VI combined

  35. 14. Concerning Monastic Vows • What is NOT necessary for justificaion • Monastic vows are equal to baptism?? BLASPHEMY!!

  36. 15. Concerning Human Regulations • Human regulations cannot attain the forgiveness of sins or merit salvation.

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