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SPANGLISH. An Example of Bilingualism. Hablo un mix de los dos languagés. Spanglish. A short Spanglish conversation: Anita: "Hola, good morning, como estás?" Mark: "Good, y tú?" Anita: "Todo bien. Pero tuve problemas parqueando mi carro this morning."
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SPANGLISH An Example of Bilingualism Hablo un mix de los dos languagés
Spanglish A short Spanglish conversation: Anita: "Hola, good morning, como estás?" Mark: "Good, y tú?" Anita: "Todo bien. Pero tuve problemas parqueando mi carro this morning." Mark: "Sí, I know. Siempre hay problemas parqueando in la area at this time".
What’s going on… • Code-switching - moving from one language to another in normal conversation (it is very important to honor you abuelitas (grandparents)" • Borrowing - the adaptation of an English word into a Spanish form ("Quiero parquear el coche") • Direct translation - translation of an expression directly into Spanish using English syntax ("Te llamo para atrás" for "I’ll call you back") • Phonetic translation - the children’s cold remedy 'Vick’s VaporRub' affectionately becomes "bibaporú"
Where…. • Varieties • Tex-mex (or Chicano):Mexican-based in Texas • Cubonics:Cuban-based in Florida • Newyorican:Puerto Rico-based in New York
A sampling of Spanglish A Selection of Spanglishaeróbica (ay-RO-bi-ka) -- dynamic female. averaje (a-ve-RAH-je) -- average. boila (BOY-lah) -- heating appliance, boiler. carpeta (kar-PE-tah) -- carpet. chopin (TCHO-peen) -- 1.Shopping center mall. 2. n., going shopping. deiof (dey-OF) -- day off. frizer (FREE-zer) -- refrigerator. grocear (gro-SEAR) -- to acquire groceries. jonrón (khon-RON) -- home run. lonche (LONCHE) -- 1. midday meal. 2. food served to guests at event.marqueta (mar-ke-tah) -- supermarket. pari (PA-ree) -- a party. ruki (ROOH-kee) -- novice. From Spanglish: The Making of a New American Language (Rayo, an imprint of HarperCollins)
Spanishization – Phonological adaptation • Final C dropping • Fast food fas foo [fas fu] • C softening • [phen] [pen] • [kuba] [kubHa] • Final nasal substitution ([m] [n]) • Steam [stim] [estin] • Initial schwa insertion in [s]C • Speak espeak • (Complete) labialization of [v] • Venezuela [benezuela] • Defricativization of [š] • Shopping chopping WHY???
Spanishization – Morphological adaptation • Spanish Verbalizer in English verbs • Hang out hangear (-ar & -ear are Spanish verbalizers) • Lunch lonchar • Spanish nominalizers in English verbs • Leaklikeo (or liqueo) –eo/-ero:Spanish nominalizers • Park parkeo • Holdup(pers) joldoperos • Spanish inflection for English words • Latin(girl or boy)Latina/Latino (-a/-o mark gender) • (It could also be considered a pure borrowing)
Englishization – Is also possible • ‘embarkated ’ (a Spanish word ‘embarcar’ or ‘let someone down’, is inflected with English morphology)
Reasons for this type of bilingualism • Cultural identity • Naturalness • Language gaps • English is concise and efficient • Spanish has sabrosura, flavor(Clark, p. 486) • Informality (humor & creativity) • Social status
Assimilation or Acculturation? Silvana Paternostro: Let’s take that argument a little bit further. If they don’t learn [English], they also will not follow the rules of what being an American means? Ilan Stavans*: Right. English is the great equalizer. Through language comes education, through language comes political participation, language becomes the way of being and of dreaming, and all that, and then the “I love you, America.” And that is not happening. *author ofSpanglish: The Making of A New American Language
Accommodating Acculturation – cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact Not Assimilation – to absorb into the culture or mores of a population or group