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Dr., professor Fomenko G.A. Dr., Fomenko M.A.

CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN REGIONAL EXPERT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Moscow, 30 May - 2 June 2005. Valuations of Ecosystem Services: Russian Experience. Dr., professor Fomenko G.A. Dr., Fomenko M.A.

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Dr., professor Fomenko G.A. Dr., Fomenko M.A.

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  1. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN REGIONAL EXPERT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYMoscow, 30 May - 2 June 2005 Valuations of Ecosystem Services: Russian Experience Dr., professor Fomenko G.A. Dr., Fomenko M.A.

  2. Sustainable Use of BiodiversityAddis Ababa Principles and Guidelines Practical principle 13: The costs of management and conservation of biological diversity should be internalized within the area of management and reflected in the distribution of the benefits from the use The management and conservation of natural resources incurs costs. If these costs are not adequately covered then management will decline and the amount and value of the natural resources may also decline. It is necessary to ensure that some of the benefits from use flow to the local natural resource management authorities so that essential management to sustain the resources is maintained. Such benefits may be direct, such as entrance fees from visitors to a national park paid directly to, and retained by, the park management authority or indirect, such as stumpage tax revenue from timber harvesting paid by loggers that flows through a national treasury to a local forest service. In some cases licence fees for fishing rights are paid directly to the management authority, or to the national treasury.

  3. Topicality The worldwide tendency of the budgetary financing reducing of the specially conservated natural territories (the last 10 years approximately 50%) It is necessary to find extra finance resources for preserves and national parks maintenance

  4. The main points • Every natural object provides the ecosystem services and that makes it economically valuable. • The ecosystem services can be valued at the money equivalent. • The property of the national park is an amount of the ecosystem servicesrepresented by its natural resources and objects.

  5. The national park «Kurshskaya Kosa»

  6. Description

  7. The necessity of Kurshskaya Kosa and its landscape conservation

  8. Present-day Condition The comfortable buildings considerably change the structure of the populated localities and landscape

  9. Present-day Condition The transit high-way to Lithuania through the territory of the national park

  10. Value Structure of the Ecosystem Services 9682 (6%) 6172 (4%) Recreation Services • (10%) Fishing 18711 (12%) Consumption of the non- timber resources (for household needs) Carbon Absorption Consumption of the timber ( for household needs) 103954 (68%) ths.ruble/year

  11. Recreation 1769 person/year 3% 7368 person/year 13% 13755 person/year 33609 person/year 24% 60% The structure of Kurshskaya Kosa attendance: Zelenograd and in and around it populated localities Kaliningrad and the other cities of its region and Lithuania Moscow and the other cities of Central Russia The foreign cities (Geramny)

  12. Recreation Economic valuation of the Recreational Services

  13. Fishing ths. t/year 2500 2000 Russia 1500 Lithuania 1000 500 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 The fishing dynamics in Kurshski Bay on the territories of Russia and Lithuania

  14. Fishing Annual Fishing Income Fishing Type Current Income ths.ruble/ year % Trade 18450 99 Amateur 261 1 TOTAL: : 18711 100

  15. Mushrooms and Berries Gathering The valuation results of the non-timber resources of Kurshskaya Kosa The Final Use Value, ruble/year per person Expenditures on Gathering ruble/year per person Valuation of non-timber resources ruble/year per person The common valuation of non-timber resources, ths. ruble/year 434 67,4 366,6 584 By inhabitants 3 564 242 22 13846 By visitors Всего : 14430

  16. Value of Existence Willingness to pay for the perseverance of Kurshskaya Kosa as a unique natural object according to the answers of various groups 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Inhabitants Visitors Kaliningrad Inhabitants yes no

  17. Value of Existence Complex valuationResults of Ecosystem Services of Kurshskaya Kosa Willingness to Pay according to expenditure of labor Population Groups Willingness to Pay ths. ruble/ year Total Willingness to Pay, ths. ruble./year - Man-hour / year ths. ruble./ year Inhabitants 9,4 3306 38,4 47,8 Visitors of Kurshskaya Kosa 3182,9 68350 1237,1 4420,0 Kaliningrad Inhabitants 5214,2 — — 5214, 2 Всего 8406,5 — 1275,5 9682,0

  18. Ways to Rise the National Park Income • Payment for transit • The Park Entrance Fee • Nature-conservative Dues from Extractive Industry (Fishery, Oil Production etc.) • Tourist’s agency Dues • Taxation of staying in hotels • Airport Taxes • Taxation of Fishing Equipment • Incomes from lottery, tobacco taxes, stamps with Kurshskaya Kosa images etc. • Fines on pollution, illegal logging etc. • International cooperation: Russia – Lithuania

  19. Sustainable Use of BiodiversityAddis Ababa Principles and Guidelines Practical principle 12: The needs of indigenous and local communities who live with and are affected by the use and conservation of biological diversity, along with their contributions to its conservation and sustainable use, should be reflected in the equitable distribution of the benefits from the use of those resources Indigenous and local communities and local stakeholders often shoulder significant costs or forgo benefits of potential use of biological diversity, in order to ensure or enhance benefits accruing to others. Many resources (e.g., timber, fisheries) are over-exploited because regulations are ignored and not enforced. When local people are involved as stakeholders such violations are generally reduced. Management regimes are enhanced when constructive programmes that benefit local communities are implemented, such as capacity training that can provide income alternatives, or assistance in diversifying their management capacities.

  20. Ob-Тоmsk interfluve (Тomsk region) Economic basis for preventive measures against conflicts in natural management Waterfence Tomsk City Border protection zone

  21. Arrangement of Ecosystem Services in Ob-Tomsk interfluve Ecosystem Services Inhabitants of Ob–Tomsk interfluve ths. ruble/year (part in the total amount) Tomsk Inhabitants, ths. ruble/ year (part in the total amount) Consumption of the timber resources of the forest 15889,4 (98%) 391,3* (2%) Consumption of the non- timber resources of the forest 5658,3 (7%) 75509,8 (93%) Consumption of the fishing resources 110,4 (2%) 6504,5 (98%) Consumption of hunting resources 474,6 (22%) 1688,1 (78%) Total: 22132,7 (21%) 84093,7 (79%)

  22. Consumption Structure of Ecosystem Services in Ob-Tomsk interfluve 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Timber resources of the forest Non-timber resources of the forest Fishing resources Hunting resources Inhabitants consumption: Ob –Tomsk interfluve Tomsk City

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