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INVESTING IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS f OR SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT in Nepal

INVESTING IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS f OR SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT in Nepal. European Institute for Asian Studies Brussels 14 February 2014. www.gwiwater.org. By Valerie NDARUZANIYE. FOCUS OF PRESENTATION. Major hydroelectric i ndustry in the World Major Rivers in Nepal

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INVESTING IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS f OR SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT in Nepal

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  1. INVESTING IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS fOR SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT in Nepal European Institute for Asian Studies Brussels 14 February2014 www.gwiwater.org By Valerie NDARUZANIYE

  2. FOCUS OF PRESENTATION • Major hydroelectric industry in the World • Major Rivers in Nepal • Advantages and disadvantages • Pre-assessment: • analyzing water bodies • Indicators • Cases in points -Hydropower • Infrastructure security • Transboundarylegalframework V. Strategies for Infrastructure security VI. Area of research www.gwiwater.org

  3. I.Major Hydroelectric Industry in the World www.gwiwater.org

  4. Changes to the Ecosystem /hydromorphology

  5. II.Major Rivers in Nepal

  6. Major Rivers in Nepal

  7. III.Advantages and disadvantages www.gwiwater.org

  8. Top Ten Advantages of Hydropower • Hydropower is a renewable energy source. • Hydropower makes it feasible to utilize other renewable sources. • Hydropower promotes guaranteed energy and price stability. • Hydropower contributes to the storage of drinking water. • Hydropower increases the stability and reliability of electricity systems.

  9. Top Ten Advantages of Hydropower 6. Hydropower helps fight climate changes 7. Hydropower improves the air we breathe 8. Hydropower offers a significant contribution to development 9. Hydropower is a fundamental instrument for sustainable development 10. Hydropower is a major contributor to human security.

  10. Hydropower for Human Security • Hydropower installations bring electricity, roads’ security, people’s free movement, industry and commerce to communities, thereby developing the local economy, expanding access to basic health and education, and improving the quality of life. • Impacts of hydropower are manageable through measures for mitigating and compensating the damages. • Hydropower can be used as driving tool to peacebuilding • between nations . The opposite is also true.

  11. Somedisadvantages • High investment costs • Hydrology dependent (precipitation) • Hydromorphological pressures on water bodies • Possible, inundation of land and wildlife habitat • Possible displacement of local populations

  12. Somedisadvantages • 6. Possible loss or modification of fish habitat • 7. Fish entrainment or passage restriction • 8. Difficultiesin mitigatinghydropower stations to restore and maintainecological habits in the river areas • 9. Possible changes in reservoir and stream water quality • 10. Possible upstream and/downstreamchanges, leadingto political disputes

  13. Hydropower Station : Pumped Storage

  14. Indicators - Useful for pre-assessment • Water access and availability • Water availability in Nepal • Water, economy and livelihoods II. Aggregated data • Water bodies changes • Ecosystem changes III. Human impact • Population growth • Rapid urbanization IV. Ecosystem degradation and environment • hydromorphology • Land degradation • Flow regime –up and downstream

  15. Indicators - for pre-assessment VI. Natural Resources’ Conflict • Trans-boundary water’s disputes V. Climate change • Climate change vulnerability • Drought • Frequent floods VII. General Stability • Economies at risk: fish migratory, disasters, poverty and agricultural dependence • Tourism dependence

  16. III. Cases in points • - Hydropower – energy grids • Infrastructure security • Transboundarylegalframework

  17. TransboundaryLegal Framework • Hydropower requires significant river flow, which is not limited to one nation. Therefore upstream and downstream must be considered in mitigation

  18. IV. Strategies for Infrastracture Security www.gwiwater.org

  19. MAJOR THEMES • Lack of energy • Low level of business • Environmental Insecurity Problems • Active community • Technology innovation • Increase in school attendance • Improvement in agriculture • Decrease in foodprice • Export • GDP growth • Decrease in corruption • Decrease in migration Hydropower for EconomicDevelopment Triggers of Eco Development 1. Community/Government Initiatives 2. Intergovernmental/ Intercommunity dialogues on Water and power-grids’ protection for energy production 3. Regional cooperation in tourism business Intercommunity/ Intergovernmental Dialogues www.gwiwater.org

  20. V. Areas of Research • Identification of existing hydropower and eco-tourism projects working in the targeted region; • Identification of what is known about the need and the potential for increasing energy in the targeted region , and the processes and factors that may either constrain or enhance human security and economic development; • Assessment of current understanding of surface water bodies; water upstream and downstream, in the targeted area for a hydropower plant; how such a project may affect water habitats, and riparian socio-economic dynamics; • Identification of security implications to trans-boundary water vis-à-vis hydropower implementation; Is there a legal framework implicating strans-boundary water users? and • Identification of areas of understanding and highlight opportunities for further study.

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