TecEco - Industrial Ecologies for Sequestration

1. CO2 TecEco - Industrial Ecologies for Sequestration Serpentine Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 Olivine Mg2SiO4 Suitable brines from other sources Crushing Crushing 1.354 x 109 km3 Seawater containing 1.728 1017 tonne Mg CO2 from power generation, industry or air Waste Acid Grinding Grinding Screening Screening Gravity Concentration Magnetic Sep. GreensolsSeawater Carbonation Process Silicate Reactor Process Heat Treatment Silicic Acids or Silica Sewerage compost Gypsum (CaSO4) Other salts Na+,K+, Ca2+,Cl- Bicarbonate of Soda (NaHCO3) Gypsum + carbon waste (e.g. sewerage) = fertilizers CO2 as a biological or industrial input or if no other use geological sequestration Solar Process to Produce Magnesium Metal Magnesite (MgCO3) Simplified TecEco ReactionsTec-Kiln MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 - 118 kJ/moleReactor Process MgO + CO2 → MgCO3 + 118 kJ/mole (usually more complex hydrates) Magnesium Thermodynamic Cycle Magnesite (MgCO3) Magnesia (MgO) CO2 directly from the air Hydroxide ReactorProcess Eco-CementTec-Cement Other Wastes Sequestration Table – Mg from Seawater Using Carbon and Wastes to Construct the built environment (bio-mimicry). Huge potential as over 15 billion tonnes concrete used annually CO2 from power generation or industry

2. CO2 The TecEco - Greensols ‘CarbonSafe’ Sequestration Process 1.354 x 109 km3 Seawater containing 1.728 1017 tonne Mg Suitable brines from other sources Waste Acid Seawater Carbonation Process CO2 from power generation, industry or air Gypsum (CaSO4) Sewerage compost Potable water Other salts Na+,K+, Ca2+,Cl- Gypsum + carbon waste (e.g. sewerage) = fertilizers Bicarbonate of Soda (NaHCO3) Magnesite (MgCO3) Solar Process to Produce Magnesium Metal CO2 as a biological or industrial input or if no other use geological sequestration Simplified TecEco ReactionsTec-Kiln MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 - 118 kJ/moleReactor Process MgO + CO2 → MgCO3 + 118 kJ/mole (usually more complex hydrates) Magnesium Thermodynamic Cycle Magnesite (MgCO3) Magnesia (MgO) CO2 directly from the air Hydroxide ReactorProcess Eco-CementTec-Cement Other Wastes Sequestration Table – Mg from Seawater Using Carbon and Wastes to Construct the built environment (bio-mimicry). Huge potential as over 15 billion tonnes concrete used annually CO2 from power generation or industry

3. CO2 The TecEco Total (Mineral) Sequestration Process Serpentine Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 Olivine Mg2SiO4 Grinding Crushing Crushing Screening Grinding Screening Heat Treatment Magnetic Sep. Gravity Concentration CO2 from power generation or industry Silicate Reactor Process Waste Sulfuric Acid or Alkali? Magnesite (MgCO3) Silicic Acids or Silica Solar Process to Produce Magnesium Metal CO2 as a biological or industrial input or if no other use geological sequestration Simplified TecEco ReactionsTec-Kiln MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 - 118 kJ/moleReactor Process MgO + CO2 → MgCO3 + 118 kJ/mole (usually more complex hydrates) Magnesium Thermodynamic Cycle Magnesite (MgCO3) Magnesia (MgO) CO2 directly from the air Hydroxide ReactorProcess Other Wastes Eco-CementTec-Cement Sequestration Table – Mg from Seawater Using Carbon and Wastes to Construct the built environment (bio-mimicry). Huge potential as over 15 billion tonnes concrete used annually CO2 from power generation or industry