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EAL Introduction. John Keenan j.keenan@worc.ac.uk Sean Bracken s.bracken@worc.ac.uk. EAL definition.
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EAL Introduction John Keenan j.keenan@worc.ac.uk Sean Bracken s.bracken@worc.ac.uk
EAL definition • Over 300 languages are spoken by pupils in UK schools. English as an Additional Language (EAL) is the expression used in the UK to refer to the teaching of English to those whose first language (L1) is not English. Current statistics indicate that almost 13.5% of pupils in maintained schools are learning English as a second, third, or indeed fourth, language, in addition to the language spoken in their families. The term is now preferred to English as a Second Language (ESL) because ‘EAL’ recognises that pupils may use two or more languages other than English in their every day lives. It also suggests that learning English should be viewed as adding to a pupil's language repertoire, rather than displacing languages acquired earlier.
Rationale: A world typified by increased globalisation and diversity
Rationale: The national picture Source: NALDEC website 2012 http://www.naldic.org.uk/research-and-information/eal-statistics
Rationale: The regional picture • After London the West Midlands, contains the highest number of pupils in schools with EAL needs. The conurbations of Birmingham has 35% and Wolverhampton 18% of pupils with English as an Additional Language (DfE, 2011a)
Rationale: Teachers’ Standards Standard 5 Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils • have a clear understanding of the needs of all pupils, including those with special educational needs; those of high ability; those with English as an additional language; those with disabilities; and be able to use and evaluate distinctive teaching approaches to engage and support them (DfE 2011 b, 6) https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/DFE-00066-2011
Websites and resources • A language in common: Assessing English as an additional language (2000) QCA • Tracking and successful interventions A school based Case Study • Assessment using the European Language Portfolio (2007)
National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum http://www.naldic.org.uk/ • Multilingual Matters http://www.multilingual-matters.com/ • EMAS 4 SUCCESS, Gloucestershire / Bath LA http://www.emas4success.org/newtoenglish/TeachingMaterials/index.htm • Guidance on the Assessment of EAL Pupils who may have Special Educational Needs, (2004) Milton Keynes LA • Supporting pupils with English as an Additional Language (2004) Milton Keynes LA
Bibliography • Bourne, J. & Flewitt, R (2002) Teaching Pupils from Diverse Backgrounds: What do trainee teachers need to know (TTA) Accessed online 14/03/2011 http://www.naldic.org.uk/ITTSEAL2/resource/readings/BourneandFlewitt.htm • Cummins, J. (2001) Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society, California: Association for Bilingual Education. • Department for Education (2011a) Schools Pupils and their Characteristicshttp://www.education.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s001012/index.shtml • Department for Education (2011b) Teachers’ Standardshttps://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/DFE-00066-2011 • Cummins, J., Brown, K and Sayers, D; Allyn & Bacon, (2007)Literacy, Technology and Diversity: Teaching for Success in Changing Times London: Allyn & Bacon, http://www.allynbaconmerrill.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=020538935X&rl=1 • Gravelle, M (2005) Bilingual learners: bilingualism, learning and inclusion. Accessed online 14/03/2011http://multiverse.ac.uk/viewarticle2.aspx?contentId=11619 • Hawkins, M (2010) Sociocultural Approaches to Language Teaching and Learning, in Leung, C., & Creese, A., English as an Additional Language. [online]. SAGE Publications. Available from:<http://lib.myilibrary.com?ID=262396> 14 March 2011
MacLean, K (2010) Children for whom English is an additional language, in Knowles, G., Supporting Inclusive Practice. [online]. Taylor & Francis. Available from:<http://lib.myilibrary.com?ID=288602> 14 March 2011 • National Standards (2006) Excellence and Enjoyment: learning and teaching for bilingual children in the primary years. http://www.naldic.org.uk/Resources/NALDIC/Teaching%20and%20Learning/pri_pubs_bichd_001306_013%20leaders%20guide.pdf • Introductory guide • Leung C., & Creese A. (2010) English as an Additional Language. [online]. SAGE Publications. Available from:<http://lib.myilibrary.com?ID=262396> 14 March 2011 • MacLean, K (2010) Children for whom English is an additional language, in Knowles, G., Supporting Inclusive Practice. [online]. Taylor & Francis. Available from:<http://lib.myilibrary.com?ID=288602> 14 March 2011 • Walker, A., Dimmock, C., Stevenson, H., Bignold, B., Shah, S., Middlewood, D. (2005) Effective Leadership in Multi-Ethnic Schools National College for School Leadership http://www.nationalcollege.org.uk/index/docinfo.htm?id=17170