1 / 25

An update on HIV/AIDS and STDs in Pakistan: epidemiological trends over the last decade

An update on HIV/AIDS and STDs in Pakistan: epidemiological trends over the last decade. Sharaf Ali Shah MBBS, Ashraf Memon MBBS , Omar Khan MD, Sten Vermund MD, Sibylle Kristensen PhD. Objectives:. HIV/AIDS situation in Pakistan.

ornice
Download Presentation

An update on HIV/AIDS and STDs in Pakistan: epidemiological trends over the last decade

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. An update on HIV/AIDS and STDs in Pakistan: epidemiological trends over the last decade Sharaf Ali Shah MBBS, Ashraf Memon MBBS, Omar Khan MD, Sten Vermund MD, Sibylle Kristensen PhD

  2. Objectives: • HIV/AIDS situation in Pakistan. • This study describes HIV/AIDS situation in Pakistan with particularly focus on Sindh Province. • Risk and trends • National / Provincial response.

  3. Background • Pakistan statistics in general • Total population (mid year, 2001): 140.5 million (Economic Survey, Finance Division 2000-2001) • Urban Population: 32.5% (Economic Survey, 2000-2001) • Annual population growth rate: 2.1% (Economic Survey, 2000- 2001) • Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births: 533 (National Institute of Population Studies GOP, 2001)

  4. Background • Infant mortality rate89.8 (Economic Survey, 2000-2001) (per 1,000 live birth): • Life Expectancy at birth:62.5 years (Economic Survey, 2000-2001) • Literacy rate:Male 56.5% Female 32.6% (Economic Survey, 2000-2001) • Per capita GNP (US$)429 (Economic Survey, 2000-2001) • UNDP Human Development135 (of 174) countries ranking: UNDP Human Development Report 2000 • Surface Area: Km2 796,095 (Pakistan Statistical Yearbook 2001)

  5. HIV/AIDS Situation in Pakistan • First AIDS Case 1986 • Federal Committee on AIDS 1987 • National AIDS Control Program 1988 • Decentralization of National AIDS Control Program 1994-1995 • National HIV/AIDS strategic plan 2000

  6. HIV/AIDS Situation in PakistanContinued…… • Safe Blood Transfusion Legislation Passed by Sindh Assembly 1997 • Safe Blood Transfusion Ordinance by Federal Government of Pakistan 2002

  7. Pakistan: Area Wise Distribution of HIV/AIDS

  8. Pakistan: Year wise distribution of HIV/AIDS Cases

  9. Pakistan: Age wise distribution of AIDS Cases

  10. Pakistan: AIDS Cases by Mode of Transmission

  11. Pakistan: Sex wise distribution of AIDS Cases

  12. Pakistan: Age wise distribution of HIV positive cases

  13. Pakistan:Mode of Transmission of HIV Positive Cases

  14. Pakistan: Sex wise distribution of HIV Positive cases

  15. WHO/UNAIDS FORECAST MODEL ESTIMATES THE NUMBER TO BE APPROXIMATELY, 70,000 – 80,000

  16. The HIV/AIDS situation in Sindh • Total Population: 40 million • Total cases reported to date: 550 • Asymptomatic HIV-positive: 455 • Full-Blown AIDS (WHO criteria) 95 • Gender breakdown: 88.9% male 11.1% female -Cases reported as of 31st March 2002

  17. The HIV/AIDS situation in Sindh • Mode of transmission: • Heterosexual 87% • Male-to-male sex 2% • Infected blood & blood products 7% • Maternal transmission 4%

  18. The HIV/AIDS situation in Sindh • Number of cases reported in 2000 36 Males 29 (80%) Females 07 (20%) • Number of cases reported in 2001 37 Males 31 (84%) Females 06 (16%)

  19. Results of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis C Seroprevalence surveys conducted in year 2001-2002 HIV SyphilisHepatitis CSample Size I/v Drug users 0% 15% 85% 319 Female Sex Workers 0.28% 21% - 346 Hijras (Transsexual/ 0 31% - 414 Transvestites) Truckers 0 12% - 300 Prisoners 0.18% 11% - 535 Antenatal Attendees 0 0.5% - 2000

  20. Risks and Trends • Younger Population: 63% of Pakistani Population is below 25 years. • Unsafe Sexual Practices • Low use of condoms and barrier methods • Low awareness regarding HIV transmission and low perception of risk

  21. Risk and Trends • The prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Pakistan is one of the highest in the region (Hepatitis C - 2-6%) (Hepatitis B - 4-10%) Among General Population • Unsafe Blood Transfusion Practices. • Source : • Commercial - 10-15% • Family Donor- 80% • Voluntary - 5-10% • Lack of Screening Both in Public and Private Sector

  22. Risk and Trends • Unsafe Therapeutic Injection Practices • Irrational Use of Injections • Re-usage of Syringes • Recycling of Used Injection Equipment

  23. National / Provincial ResponseEnhanced HIV/AIDS Control Program Support By World Bank • Multicultural approach involving Governmental agencies, NGOs, Private sector, Academic Institutions and Community Focusing on vulnerable sub-populations such as Female Sex Workers, Hijras, I/V Drug Users, Truckers, and Pakistanis working overseas (Gulf Countries)

  24. National / Provincial ResponseContinued…….. • Delivery of comprehensive service package to vulnerable population including peer education programs, voluntary HIV counseling and testing and treatment of sexually transmitted infections. • Behavior change community involving, print and electronic media • Promotion of political commitment through advocacy.

  25. References: our group’s papers on HIV/AIDS in Pakistan • Baqi S, Shah SA, Baig MA, Mujeeb SA, Memon A. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and syphilis and associated risk behaviours in male transvestites (Hijras) in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J STD AIDS 1999 May;10(5):300-4. • Ali S, Khanani R, Tarique W U, Shah S A. Understanding the HIV/AIDS context in Pakistan. Venereology1995; 8(3):160-3. • Shah SA, Kristensen S, Khan O. HIV/AIDS in Pakistan. Tropical Doctor. 31(1): 59, Jan 2001 • Khan OA, Hyder AA. Responses to an emerging threat: HIV/AIDS policy in Pakistan. Health Policy & Planning 2001; 16 (2): 214-8.

More Related