Overview of Popular DSP Architectures: TI, ADI, Motorola

1. Overview of Popular DSP Architectures: TI, ADI, Motorola R.C. Maher ECEN4002/5002 DSP Laboratory Spring 2002

2. Introduction • Most DSP microprocessor architectures share the common features: fast MAC with guard bits, Harvard architecture, and parallel compute/moves • Alternatives have to do with number and size of registers, on-chip memory, variety of instructions, and pipelining • Most common DSP architectures have “legacy baggage:” new designs must be compatible with older designs to allow code re-use Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

3. Motorola 563xx • As we know from the lab assignments, the Motorola 563xx has the following characteristics: • 24-bit word size, dual 56-bit accumulators • X,Y,P data buses • 8 DAG registers (linear, modulo, reverse) • 4 general registers • Integrated MAC/ALU (no parallel computation) Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

4. “Old” TI TMS320 • The Texas Instruments TMS320 family appeared in the early 1980s • 16-bit word size, single 32-bit accumulator • D,P data buses • 5 aux registers (data or address) • No modulo support • Integrated MAC/ALU (no parallel computation) Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

5. Example TMS320 Code LAC XN,15 * load accumulator with shift LT D1NM1 * load T register with state MPY A11 * multiply with coef LTA D1NM2 * load T with next state MPY A21 * multiply with coef APAC * accumulate product SACH D1N,1 * store result with shift Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

6. “New” TI C54x • 16-bit word size, 17x17 multiply, dual 40-bit accumulators • 1 Prog, 3 Data, 4 Address buses • 8 auxiliary registers (linear, modulo, reverse) • Integrated MAC/ALU (no parallel computation) • TI also makes floating point ‘C30 and C6x parts Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

7. “Old” ADI 21xx • Analog Devices original DSP family was organized as follows: • 16-bit word size, single 40-bit accumulator • D,P data buses (16-bit data, 24-bit program) • 10 general purpose registers • Dual 4-register DAGs (similar to 563xx) • Separate ALU, MAC, and SHIFT (for parallel computation) • “Shadow” registers for fast context switching Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

8. ADI Assembly Language • Motorola and TI use a register transfer assembly language format Move x0,y0 Add x0,b Mac x0,y0,a • ADI uses an algebraic assembly language AX0 = MR1 AR=AX0+AY0 MR=MR+MX0*MY0 Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

9. ADI Floating point “Sharc” • ADI Sharc (super Harvard architecture) • 16 40-bit GP registers • 32-bit or 40-bit IEEE floating point representation, and fixed point math, too • D,P buses • Dual DAGs Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

10. “New” ADI/Intel Blackfin • Dual 16-bit MACs, 2 40-bit ALUs, 4 8-bit “video” ALUs • Dual DAGs, which include base, length, and offset registers (no “power-of-two” alignment) • 8 GP registers • Many flexible parallel operations on various data types/lengths Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

11. DSP-like Features for GP micros • DSP algorithms often fit a “single instruction, multiple data” (SIMD) framework • Intel, AMD, and Motorola have DSP-like instruction extensions on their processors (MMX, SSE, 3D-NOW, Altivec, etc.) • Most of these do not support a true MAC with guard bits Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher

12. Conclusion • DSP design has evolved to include parallel computation hardware, flexible addressing, and more processor registers • Common embedded system designs now have a general purpose processor coupled with a DSP core • Compilers for DSPs are still evolving: usually compile the code, profile it, then hand code inner loops and “hot spots” Other DSP Architectures R. C. Maher