Fossil Finds

1. Fossil Finds Vocab Words • Archaeologists locate and study things left behind by people. • Paleoanthropologists study ancestors of modern people • Fossils are remains of once living things • Excavate means to uncover things digging Bullet Notes • In 1896 a Dutch Surgeon named Eugene Dubois uncovered what he believed to be the remains of an ancestor and he named it Homo erectus • Louis Leaky found what he thought was a direct ancestor of modern humans that he named Homo habilis • Richard Leaky in 1974 discovered Lucy which is now a famous half skeleton • In 1994 a University of California scientist named Tim White found an African hominid that could of walked on the earth up to 4.5 million years ago.

2. Hunters and gatherers . Homo sapiens means wise humans Homo erectus died out but homo sapiens continued to live all humans are home sapiens Homo sapiens lived in bands of 20 Their goal in life was to live they used every part of the animal .hunters and gathers were nomads

3. Vocabulary • Artifacts- a human made object especially from long ago • Radiocarbon dating-tells how much carbon remains in a people, animal or plant • Extinct- no longer existing • Migration- movement from one place to another • Consequence- effect

4. Neanderthals • First homo sapiens fossil found with head arm and leg bones • It was found in Germany

5. Pages 60-61 summary • Talks about early cultures and societies. • Each culture lived in different conditions and situations. • Language helped early people join together into groups • Different cultures came up with different solutions. • Early people hunted and gathered food.

6. Pages 60-61 vocabulary Culture- A way of life Society- An organized group of people living and working under a set of rules and traditions.

7. Hello, Everybody! Neanderthals Neanderthals are early humans, or Homo Sapiens. The first Neanderthal skeleton discovered was in 1856, in a cave in the Neander Valley. Neanderthals are not our direct ancestors. By Sean Fisher Picture from Google Images, info from Harcourt Horizons Ancient Civilizations.

8. Early Ancestors By Tori Helton Hannah Wilson and Elaine Schutte The first hominids appeared in South Africa around 3 million years ago. Many plant eaters were in eastern Africa and then , 2.5 million years ago, another group of hominids appeared in East Africa called Homo Habalis. Within 500,000 years they spread out through Africa in the east and south. They traveled in search of food by going through large grasslands. They used stone choppers and knifes. Then, 1.9 million years ago, Homo Erectus spread out, smarter then the other humans. They also survived by hunting and gathering. They eventually led bands across the Sahara and into Asia. They then appeared in Asia to. Bands- Small groups

9. Ancient Lucy

10. A scientist discovered the Bones of a 3 million year old Hominid in Africa.

11. The scientists named her LUCY.

12. She was named after a song By the Beatles.

13. Spreading Through the WorldBy Ally Gormley and Sara Ventura Our section was mainly about how early hunters survived difficulties. They encountered bad weather animal extinction and ice ages. The Ice age lasted from around 115,000 years ago to 10,000 years ago. These early people used tools to help them fight through their difficulties. They had to make their tools by hand . Some of these tools were more difficult to make than others. They mainly used needles which were made from flint. Another thing that helped them through their difficulties was a land bridge that connected Asia and North America. This land bridge allowed early hunters to cross to different land and find new animals to hunt. The people needed to find a new food source due to the extinction of the animals that they hunted in the past. The early hunters finally fought through the tundra, glaciers, extinctions, and even more to eventually form nearly everything that we have today.

14. Vocabulary Words Ice Age- a long period of bitter cold Glaciers- huge sheets of ice Tundra- large treeless found in Arctic regions

15. Early Farmers Once early societies started to develop, they realized that they could not hunt and gather anymore because it was not bringing in enough food to support their family. Instead of collecting food they started to produce their own crops and raising their own livestock. They learned that seeds from fully grown plants when planted, grew new plants of that kind. In some societies, people came to depend on more small plants grown in their own garden, rather than wild crops.

16. Early farming societies decided that they would be better off building small shelters and to grow crops around the small villages. • Farming started independently at different times. • From early societies to now, animals have always played a large role in farming. • Farmers started to depend more on livestock than raising their crops. • Even some people today rely on hunting and gathering to supply their needs.

17. Vocab Words Domesticate - to domesticate means to tame living things for people’s use Economy - the way people use resources to meet their needs Livestock - to domesticate animals such as cattle, pigs and sheep Nomad - people with no settled home or shelter

18. Diversity in Early Agriculture • Agriculture in Southwestern Asia was based on wheat and barley and raising sheep, goats, and cattle. • Northern Africa farmers raised wheat, barley, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. • People in Pakistan and China raised rice, millet, pigs, chickens, and water buffalos.

19. Mountain valleys in Peru farmers grew chili peppers and beans. In Bolivia potatoes were a major crop, later Native Americans grew corn which would be important throughout American history. Vocabulary Maize- corn Subsist- survive

20. Justin Katt 10hop 11-11-2009 Early Farming Areas Tigris-Euphrates valley 10,000 years ago they farmed barley, wheat, goats, and sheep.Andean 9,800 years ago they farmed beans, chili peppers, alpacas, and llamas.Haung He Valley 8,000 years ago they farmed millet, chicken, and pigs.Indus Valley 8,000 years ago farmed barley, wheat, cattle, goats, and sheep.Nile Valley 8,000 years ago farmed barley, wheat, cattle, goats, and sheep.Middle America 5,400 years ago they farmed beans chili peppers, maize, and turkeys.

21. Effects of ChangeAgriculture, the raising of domesticated plants and animals changed human societies forever. Agriculture provided a reliable food sources. It provided farmers to grow more crops then they needed. As early people turned to agriculture the size of there communities began to grow. With more food available more people could live in one place.

22. Early People Migration and Tool Making By: Michael Bennett and Matthew Roth

23. Migration • Early migration started about 100k years ago in the middle of Africa then went into Europe, Asia, and Australia. Then, it crossed the ice bridge into America and went down to the lower tip of South America. It ended about 12k years ago.

24. Tool Making • Needles were made by cutting a thin triangle out of an antler, poking a hole in the thickest end, then rubbing it against sandstone to sharpen it. The cutting was done with a sharp flint tool.

25. COMPARE AND CONTRAST BY: AUSTIN Some differences between now and the past are we go shopping instead of hunting and gathering, we speak differently and have different religions. Also we have better clothing, better tools and we have a economy.