Vocabulary Ch 4

1. Moksha Reincarnation Karma Dharma Nirvana Sect Stupa Mural Joint family Dowry Philosophy Filial piety Monopoly Expansionism Warlord Acupuncture Vocabulary Ch 4

2. Empires of India and China (600 B.C. – A.D. 550) 20

3. Hinduism • Grew out of the overlapping beliefs of the diverse groups who settled India • One of the world’s most complex religions • Countless gods and goddesses • Many forms of worship existing side by side • *Hindu beliefs center on the concepts of • Reincarnation “soul is an immortal body of light” • Karma “life experiences through cause and effect” • Moksha “liberation from the eternal cycles of death and rebirth” • Dharma “God's Devine Law, the law of being” • The moral principles of duty, unimportance of self, and nonviolence

4. Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Buddha “he who is awake” • The Buddha emphasized moral and ethical rules • Honesty and charity, and kindness to all living creatures • His teachings gave rise to a new religion, Buddhism, that eventually spread through Southeast and East Asia.

5. *Four Noble Truths • Suffering exists • Suffering arises from attachment to desires • Suffering ceases when attachment to desire ceases • Freedom from suffering is possible by practicing the Eightfold Path

6. *Noble Eightfold Path Wisdom 1. Right View 2. Right Thought Ethical Conduct 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood Mental Development 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Contemplation *Buddha’s version of the golden rule “Overcome anger by not growing angry. Over come evil with good. Overcome the liar with truth”

7. *Shared traditions Believed in karma, dharma, moksha, reincarnation and nonviolence *Buddhists differed from Hindus Rejected priests Formal rituals The many gods The caste system Buddhists and Hindus

8. Summary Summarize your notes in four or more sentences

9. Extra Credit Illustration • Now that you know the basic philosophy of Buddhism. • Create one symbol that represents their practices • Use the four noble truths as the foundation • With the eightfold path branching off from there. • This can be literal or an abstract image, be able to explain the symbol. • The illustration is due tomorrow

10. India A Center of World Trade • Alexander opened up the market • By 110 BC Merchants sold Indian textiles, gems, incenses, and spices in Central Asia, China, the Middle East, Egypt, East Africa, and Southeast Asia

11. The Guptas ‘A Golden Age’320AD to 520AD • The arts and literature • Collected and preserved the old • Created new • *Mathematics • Gupta mathematicians originated the concept of zero • *Medicine • vaccinated against smallpox 1,000 years before this practice was introduced in Europe

12. *Caste rules governed where people lived what they ate how they dressed how they earned a living High caste members had the most rules The untouchables the least *Effects of the caste system Ensured a stable social order Gave people a sense of identity Ensured Spiritual Purity The Caste System Brahmins, the priests or spiritual class Kshatriya, the nobility or ruling class Vaishya, the merchants and farmers Shudras or servants “untouchables”

13. Summary Summarize your notes in four or more sentences

14. *Legalists Stressed strength, not goodness, as a ruler’s greatest virtue Hitler, Stalin, and Mao *Daoists Rejected the everyday world, seeking to live in harmony with nature Believed that the best government was the one that governed least. Three Schools of Thought in China

15. Confucius • China’s most influential philosopher • Taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their place in society • *Confucianism stressed five values • Filial piety.... respect of parents • Loyalty to superiors and respect for inferiors • Honesty • Hard work • Concern for others 551-479 BC

16. Confucian Government • Confucian ideas spread to over a third of the worlds population • *Chinese rulers based their government on the Confucian model • The best ruler was a virtuous man who led by example • Quotes • "A man should practice what he preaches, but a man should also preach what he practices." • “He who merely knows right principles is not equal to him who loves them.” • “Mankind differs from the animals only by a little, and most people throw that away.” • “If you enjoy what you do, you'll never work another day in your life.”

17. Qin (ch’in) Dynasty (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) Shi Huangdi united China *Built a strong, centralized, authoritarian government using merit and punishment • Forced noble families to live in the capital • Standardized weights and measures • Repaired and built infrastructure • Created uniformity in Chinese writing • Built the Great Wall • Became a symbol of their civilized world

18. Han Dynasty206BC to 220AD • *Han rulers strengthened China’s government and economy using Confucian ideas • Expanded China’s borders and influence • Opened up the *Silk Road • Linking China and the west for centuries • 4000 miles very hard journey • Set up the imperial university • Civil service exams • Improved canals and roads • Monopolized salt and iron

19. Golden age of Chinese civilization • Made paper out of wood pulp • *Invented a rudder • Developed anesthetics Hua To (Hua Tuo) 110AD – 207AD "Knowing well the way to keep one in good health, Hua Tuo still appeared in the prime of his life when he was almost 100, and so was regarded as immortal."

20. Summary Summarize your notes in four or more sentences

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