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Unit 4

Unit 4. Main Point & Argument . Main Point 主旨. 先审题， 头脑风暴 ，然 后再阐明自己的总观点，写 主旨句。 06-12-01 Do you agree or disagree? The influence from classmates is more important than that from parents. Classmates 吃，喝，睡觉，上网，游戏， 聊天， 八卦，打麻将，斗地主 Dress, behavior Language. Parents

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Unit 4

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  1. Unit 4 Main Point& Argument

  2. Main Point 主旨 先审题，头脑风暴，然后再阐明自己的总观点，写主旨句。 06-12-01 Do you agree or disagree? The influence from classmates is more important than that from parents.

  3. Classmates • 吃，喝，睡觉，上网，游戏， • 聊天，八卦，打麻将，斗地主 • Dress, behavior • Language

  4. Parents • Value of world(career, love, money etc.) • Virtues (kindness, generosity etc. ) • Habits

  5. Avoid repetition 避免重复 Poor ex. Many people are having great influence in our life. When it comes to parents and classmates, I agree with the statement that the influence from classmates is more important than that from parents.

  6. Direct and worthy 直接，有价值 Better ex. Many people can exert great influence and make changes in our life, such as teachers, parents, friends and even strangers. Comparing parentage and friendship, I think the former determines who we are to a larger extent.

  7. 主论点要罩住分论点。

  8. Main point 主论点分类 • 绝对（Agree or disagree） • 折中（basically agree and basically disagree）

  9. Argument • 说服力的力量在于作者的写作技巧。 用语言这个工具，从理性，情感和艺术风格的修辞技巧上，有意识地努力说服读者。其逻辑是建立在人们愿意接受的，合理的前提和合理的结论下。

  10. How to argue? 利弊分析 vs. 拆分举例 －要证明就要拆分举例 －要反驳就举反例

  11. 拆分举例 2008-6-21 Good looks and dresses of people are more important for success than good ideas. For students, good ideas are more important. Academics Extracurricular activities For businessmen, good ideas are more important. Bill Gates For scientists, Stephen Hawking. Albert Einstein

  12. 拆分people • For statesmen/politicians, good ideas are more important. • For models/actresses, good looks and dress are more important.

  13. 拆分关键词 2008-02-02 A person should never make an important decision alone. • Decision for a company--agree • Decision for an individual--agree • Decision in an emergent situation –disagree

  14. 2009.3.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is better to use one’s own knowledge and experience to solve problems than to get advice from others. • People at an early age • People in emerging adulthood /adulthood • People at an old age

  15. 2008.2.23 Do you agree or disagree with following statement? Technology makes people’s lives simpler rather than makes lives more complicated. • Technology for cooking—Microwave, rice cooker • Technology for music and pictures—MP3,MP4 • Technology for getting information--Computer and Internet

  16. 练习 07-11-11 Do you agree or disagree? Advertising makes products seem better than they really are.

  17. Consider advertisements for food. —McDonalds’ Instant noodles

  18. Consider advertisements for cosmetics/clothes Consider advertisements for cars / digital products

  19. Do you agree or disagree? Being creative rather than planning carefully will come up with the best solution to a problem.

  20. Consider economic problems. • Consider environmental problems. • Consider healthcare problems.

  21. Alternative expression When it comes to environmental problems, creativity can offer us the best solution. Solving resource problems is of no exception. The same logic also applies to economic problems.

  22. Do you agree or disagree? People today should not be polite because they are too busy.

  23. 让步（making concession） Main Point 有利内容 不利内容+削弱反驳

  24. 不利内容既是－－反方观点或者是不利于主旨句的论点。不利内容既是－－反方观点或者是不利于主旨句的论点。

  25. 常用表达 • As is granted/ Admittedly, … • Although/ though/ in spite of the fact that • Opponents would argue that … • in some cases( in some aspects, to a certain degree), for instance, 适度展开. However (Nevertheless/nonetheless), 削弱/反驳 For example.

  26. 让步可以让文章更有说服力，并同时扩展文章长度。让步可以让文章更有说服力，并同时扩展文章长度。 见讲义范文。

  27. 如何削弱、反驳 • 提出解决措施 （用于当让步段指出有利观点有缺陷或者问题） However, as long as 解决措施,the problem can be solved/ I don’t see there is anything to worry about.

  28. Should parents control TV time? Admittedly, there are some improper contents on television, such as blood, violence and pornography. However, as long as parents can give children appropriate supervision and guidance, this problem can be solved. For example,….

  29. Technology makes people life simpler or more complicated. Admittedly, modern technology such as using computers is too complicated for old people. However, as long as young people can have some patience to teach them, the problem can be solved.

  30. 2. 更好替代 • (用于反方观点如果指出自己有优势或者优点） • However, other better options are available, for instance____. • E.G. 2008-06-28 People should live in the same city or country all their lives instead of moving to other places.

  31. 同意 • Admittedly, moving to other places does have its advantages. For instance, people may meet new friends. However, other better options are available if one stay in the same place, such as logging on to Internet chat rooms or facebook.com.

  32. High salary job with less vacation VS. low salary job with long vacation Admittedly, positions with longer break can give people more time to do the work they are interested in. However, people who have a high salary job can also have the same enjoyment, if they choose a career they love. For example,…

  33. 3.次要 • 指出不利的方面是次要的，无足轻重的，或者有利的观点远远大于不利的观点 （用于让步段指出有利观点的缺陷或者反方观点的优点） However, on balance, 有利内容 far outweigh 不利内容 / 不利内容seems to be minor/secondary

  34. 指出缺陷 e.g. Technology makes people’s life simpler rather than complicated. • Admittedly, some technical equipment/appliance may be too sophisticated for the people of older generations. However, the convenience modern technology brings far outweighs the difficulty of learning how to use them.

  35. 反方优点 High salary job with high risk VS. low salary job with stability Admittedly, people will have less pressure and never worry about unemployment, if they choose a stable job. However, the challenge and valuable skills people gained from a position with generous payment far outweigh the security brought by a low-paid job.

  36. 一个警惕 让步段反驳的时候尽量不要重复前面已经论述过的有利观点。

  37. 练习 2009.5.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：Professional athletes who receive high salaries, such as football or basketball players, deserve what they get.

  38. First, athletes can bring a huge amount of profits for people who organize and invest in those games, so they need to be paid as performers. Secondly, they need to be rewarded, since sportsmen are taking high risks such as physical injuries and accidents during playing footballs or basketballs.

  39. 让步段 Some opponents may argue that those famous athletes are being paid too much, which may cause the discrepancy of the society. For example, Beckham earns millions of ponds per year. However, considering their contributions of providing audience entertainment, and setting people a role model of persistence in playgrounds, the sportsmen deserve what they get. / /However, sportsmen’s career life is limited, so they need enough money to secure their living for the rest of their life. / some athletes may donate money to the society, which can solve the problem.

  40. 练习 Do you agree or disagree? It is better to organize a big party with a lot of people than a small party with a few family members and friends for major events, such as birthday party and graduation.

  41. Small party • Reduce cost • Enhance relationship with family and friends/increase the quality time with family.. • Admittedly, Big party—we can meet more friends/enlarge social connection. However, the relationship built in large parties are shallow and temporary.

  42. 折中观点 2007-12-01 People should not pay public transportation. 对观点做修正，提出一个新的观点。 Lower fees(好处1.2.3) instead of making it free（坏处1.2.3.）.

  43. 【40】People should never , never give up 折中 Generally speaking/ in most cases, a person should not give up.

  44. 举反例 2008.3.7 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People today spend too much time on enjoyment. We only do what we like to do rather than we should do.

  45. 2009 .1.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Advertising is the most important cause of unhealthy eating habits. (Media) • 范文 提纲

  46. 绝对词题目 1. Never, always, all 最优的方法是折中，举反例字数太少 Main point: generally speaking/ by and large..

  47. 2008-02-02 A person should never make an important decision alone. • E.G. Parents are the best teachers of their children.

  48. 2.Best. Most important/effective • Main point: generally speaking, it is an effective/ good/ important…instead of the best. • 承认有效性去掉绝对化

  49. 2007-8-11 For governments, the best way of saving energy is to raise the prices of electricity and gasoline.

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