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IFR TIPS & Traps

IFR TIPS & Traps. Presented by BOB CRYSTAL DIRECTOR OF TRAINING SIMULATOR & INSTRUMENT TRAINING CENTER OF VAN NUYS 818-371-8653. IFR RISK MANAGEMENT. WHY DO GOOD PILOTS GET IN TO TROUBLE 80% of accidents can be attributed to poor decision making.

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IFR TIPS & Traps

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  1. IFR TIPS & Traps Presented by BOB CRYSTAL DIRECTOR OF TRAINING SIMULATOR & INSTRUMENT TRAINING CENTER OF VAN NUYS 818-371-8653

  2. IFR RISK MANAGEMENT WHY DO GOOD PILOTS GET IN TO TROUBLE • 80% of accidents can be attributed to poor decision making. Poor decision making skills result in: Initiating flights under adverse conditions. Continuing flights in deteriorating conditions. Operating aircraft beyond limits. Operating an un-airworthy aircraft Get home ides , meeting unrealistic schedules Dependency on automation Lack of Pilot proficiency or Experience Lack of CRM skills & Discipline Lack of knowledge on Instrument procedures THE BEST ADVICE IS TO ALWAYS WAY THE RISK BEFORE AND DURING ANY FLIGHT

  3. TAKEOFF & LANDING PLANNING BEGINS ON THE GROUND • Starting with the pilot-IM SAFE • Pilot Currency • The Airplane • WX-NO GO DECISIONS • Performance & Wt. & Balance • Take Off & landing planning to include all CRM & EMERGENCY PLANNING

  4. LEGALITY VS REALITY • Is 6 approaches & a Hold plus tracking on Airways reality or just legality? • IFR flying requires on going recurrent training both in simulators and in airplanes • Training with an IFR/CFI specialist is the only way to train. • Training must represent new challenges and scenarios • Train as if your life depends on it BECAUSE it does.

  5. FAR 91.103 Preflight Action Each PIC shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available FLIGHT INFORMATION including: Weather reports Fuel requirements Alternates Traffic delays Runway lengths at airports of intended use Takeoff and landing information in POH

  6. AFD • Runway Specifications • Airport Services • VOR Checks • Preferred IFR Routes • New revision every 56 days • Multiple Regions • FAA document

  7. CURRENT CHARTS

  8. ORGANIZER TOOLS

  9. ORGANIZED CLEARANCE AND PERFORMANCE CARD

  10. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION TOOLS

  11. EMERGENCY TOOLS

  12. FIRST CLASSWITH A WINDOW SEAT

  13. CONSERVATIVE IFR MINIMUMS Take off –1 engine 1 mile-DAY- 3 mile-NIGHT 2 engine ½ mile-DAY-1 mile-NIGHT • NO LOWER THAN LANDING MINIMUMS Landing-(1) The ceiling will be at least 1,500 feet above the lowest circling approach MDA; or • (2) If a circling instrument approach is not authorized for the airport, the ceiling will be at least 1,500feet above the lowest published minimum or 2,000 feet above the airport elevation, whichever is higher; • (3) Visibility for that airport is forecast to be at least three miles, or two miles more than the lowest applicable visibility minimums, whichever is the greater, for the instrument approach procedure to be used at the destination airport. NO DEPARTURES IN FORCASTED ICING CONDITIONS

  14. A CHILLING THOUGHT Icing can kill you • No airplane is certified to fly in to severe icing conditions. • Icing adds weight and destroys airflow and lift on all flying surfaces. • Icing can cause lose of instruments & engine performance • When ICE starts to form a pilot’s job is to get out of the ice immediately • Icing conditions encountered- NO AUTO PILOT • Be weather wise, always leave yourself an ESCAPE • If icing conditions are forecast along your route or altitude DON’T FLY IT’S NOT WORTH THE RISK

  15. Fuel Requirements • VFR Requirements Part 91.151 • DAY TIME - Must have enough fuel on board to fly to original intended point of landing and 30 minutes beyond that point • NIGHT TIME – 45 mins • IFR Requirements Part 91.167 • Fly to airport of intended landing, then fly to the alternate filed at normal cruise, then 45 minutes thereafter.

  16. FAR 91.123 Compliance with ATC Clearances • When an ATC clearance has been obtained, no PIC may deviate from that clearance unless: • An amended clearance is obtained • An emergency exists • Deviation is in response to a traffic alert and collision avoidance system resolution advisory • When PIC is uncertain of an ATC clearance, PIC should request clarification • ATC clearances are not authorization to deviate from the rules

  17. Valid clearance Cleared to the Bur Airport-Clearance limit Canoga 8 departure-departure procedure Radar vectors to the localizer-what to expect Climb 4,000-does it meet the MEA Departure 134.20-Communications Squawk 5202-Tansponder Code 3 basic questions 1.Will the clearance take me where I want to go 2.How High- does it meet the MEA or MOCA 3.Where will I go in case of Emergency-VFR/IFR

  18. USE THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM AVOID RUNWAY INCURSIONS

  19. TOWER I’M NOT SURE OF MY POSITION ON THE AIRPORT REQUEST PROGRESSIVE TAXI

  20. DEPARTURE NO GO ATIS DECISIONS CONSIDERATIONS • WIND X-WIND /HEAD/TAIL WIND ALWAYS REMEMBER IN AN EMERGENCY RETURN TO THE AIRPORT HEADWIND BECOMES YOUR TAILWIND AND DETERMINES LANDING DISTANCE. • VISIBILITY AT OR ABOVE PUBLISHED TAKEOFF & LANDING MINIMUMS –RVR • CEILING AT OR ABOVE LANDING MINIMUMS NOTE CEILING IS THE PARENTHAL NUMBER OR HAT/HAA • TEMP/DEW POINT + / – 4 DEGREES REDUCED VISIBILITY • ALTIMETER CHECK CALIBRATION +/- 75 ft FROM A/C POSITION ON AIRPORT CHECK AIRPORT DIAGRAM • RUNWAY IN USE TAKEOFF ABORT PERFORMANCE, • NOTAMS RUNWAY/TAXIWAY CLOSURES, NAVAID OUTAGES • DELAYS CPT /GROUND STOPS/WEATHER DELAYS

  21. RUN-UP BRIEFINGKILLER ITEMS • FLAPS-SET FOR TAKEOFF POSITION • MIXTURE-ADJUST FOR DENSITY ALTITUDE • FUEL SELECTOR -FULLEST TANK • FUEL QUANTITY -CONFIRM FOR PROPOSED FLIGHT • BOOST PUMP -AS REQUIRED • TRIM –COUNT 4 - AILERON,ELEVATOR ,RUDDER ELECTRIC TRIM/DISCONNECT. • ANNUNCIATORPANEL-CLEAR • SPEED BRAKES DOWN -LIGHTS OUT

  22. ABORT BRIEFINGPLAN AHEAD • ENGINE FIRE • FAILURE • RUNWAY INCURSION • UNUSUAL RUDDER INPUTS • INADVERTANT SPEED BRAKE • EGRESS LOCATIONS

  23. TAKEOFF DEPARTURE BRIEFING • DEPARTURE PROCEDURE-SID/DP • ASSIGNED RUNWAY • ALTITUDE RESTRICTIONS • DISTANCE RESTRICTIONS • SPEED RESTRICTIONS • ENROUTE TRANSITION • EMERGENCY RETURN PROCEDURE • SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS- OBSTRUCTIONS ,CLIMB GRADIANTS

  24. DEPARTURE BRIEFING RESTRICTIONS • HEADING • DISTANCE • ALTITUDE • TURN • SPEED RESTRICTION

  25. RUNWAY LINE-UP ITEMS • LIGHTS AS REQUIRED • TRANSPONDER - ALT MODE • ENGINES SPOOL UP • BRAKE RELEASE • TIME OFF

  26. BLAST OFF NEXT STOPDISNEYLAND

  27. RUNWAY CALL-OUTS • AIRSPEED ALIVE • CROSS CHECK ACCELERATION 60 KTS. • ENGINE INSTRUMENTS-GREEN • V1 =5 KTS. BEFORE ROTATION- DECISION SPEED • VR-ROTATION • VX- UNTIL CLEAR OF OBSTICLES • POSITIVE RATE OF CLIMB & 50-100 FT AGL GEAR-UP CHECK LOAD/AMP METER • 400 FT AGL-FLAPS UP • VY- TO 1,000 AGL

  28. RADAR ENVIROMENTMENT LISTEN UP

  29. REQUEST DELAY VECTOR 1

  30. PRE-APPROACH BRIEFING5-A-SSHOULD ACCOMPLISHED AT LEAST 25-50 MILES OUT • ATIS- LANDING MINIMUMS • ALTIMETER SET • AIRSPEED • AVIONICS ID & SET • APPROACHBRIEFING-USE THE ZIG -ZAG METHOD STARTING FROM THE FLIGHT BRIEFING STRIP AT THE TOP OF CHART.

  31. STANDARD CREW APPROACH BRIEF • TYPE OF APPROACH/ CITY & STATE • LOC/ VOR FREQ TUNED IN & ID NO FLAGS • STATE INBOUND COURSE & SET • G/S OR FINAL APPROACH FIX/X-ING ALTITUDE • HOW LOW-DA/MDA –CONSIDER CIRCLE MINIMUMS • MSA • HOW LONG-STATE TIME TO MAP • WHICH WAY-MAP PROCEDURE • A/C CONFIGURATION • APPROACH FLAPS SET • POWER SET • HOLDING AT THE GEAR • PAX SECURE

  32. BUYING TIMEARE YOU READY FOR THE APPROACH • Don’t rush- control the approach • Vector triggers final vector are you ready? If not request DELAY VECTOR • Be aware of altitude ,position, time to accomplish approach brief configure aircraft. • Final vector-turn (within 30 of published final) • Cleared for the ILS/VOR runway ___approach • Maintain ______until established • Contact the tower at the FAF.

  33. BUILD A FENCE WITH GPS-VOR-DME-MSA 3 2 4 1

  34. BUILDING FENCES

  35. BUILD A FENCE BUILDING FENCES

  36. 2 4 • FINAL VECTOR • TURN RT 045 DEGREES • CLEARED FOR ILS 8 • MAINTAIN 3,700 UNTIL ESTABLISHED • CONTACT TOWER @BUDDE 1 4 3

  37. Operations below DH/MDA • FAA regulation 91.175(c) Operation below Decision Height or MDA, no pilotmay continue below the authorized decision altitude/decision height (DA/DH) unless the airplane is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers, the flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed for the instrument approach procedure, and the runway environment is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot.FAA regulation 91.175(e) Missed Approach Procedures, a pilot must immediately execute an appropriate missed approach procedure when, upon arrival at the missed approach point, including a DA/DH where a DA/DH is specified and its use is required, and anytime until after that until touchdown

  38. CIRCLE TO LAND TRAPS • TO BE AVOIDED AT NIGHT AND LOW VISIABLITY ACCIDENT CAUSES –PILOT ERRORS • ATTEMPTING TO CIRCLE BELOW MINIMUMS • LOOSING SIGHT OF THE RUNWAY • OVERSHOOT ON FINAL • AIRSPEED CONTROL IN A TURN • STALL SPINS-FATAL CLOSE TO THE GROUND

  39. APPROACH SURVIVAL • ALWAYS MAINTAIN SITUATION AWARENESS • Build fences between you and the terrain • Use all available tools-VOR-GPS-MFD-DME • Never take a blind vector • Speak up if in doubt ask for (MVA) minimum vectoring altitude • Consider MEA & MSA • Think like a controller • Listen up & if the frequency seems to silent check in.

  40. TIME IS MONEY TRAIN WHERE EXPERIENCE MAKES THE DIFFERENCE SIMULATOR & INSTRUMENT TRAINING CENTER 818-371-8653

  41. TIPS TO TRAIN BY • Train often-practice makes proficiency & builds confidence • Stay in the loop know your position at all times situation awareness & build fences • Use all available tools • Always communicate any concerns-Don’t leave confusion to chance • Always leave an out-think emergency • Use CRM SKILLS at all times • Fly the airplane first all other task can wait • Stay out of icing conditions-most light airplanes can’t hold enough ice to chill a margarita • Fly the airplane within designed limitations • Fly the airplane within pilot limitations

  42. LOFT TRAINING IS BEST ACCOMPLISHED IN SIMULATORS UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF A TRAINING INSTRCTOR

  43. EXPERIENCE THE DIFFERENCE • Works like a gym membership • Monthly membership • Unlimited simulator time • Latest state of the art simulators • Most Experienced instructors • Several Southern Ca locations • Schedule & Membership 818-371-8653

  44. HISTORY OFSimulation

  45. FAA REQUEST YOUR INPUT • You must register on line to receive WINGS CREDIT • Comments are welcome direct them to FAAST TEAM manager • Karla Borden 661-877-3615 cell • Or Van Nuys FSDO 818-904-6291 • Email Karla.J.Borden@faa.gov • Bob Crystal IFRVNY@AOL.COM

  46. THE END WE HAVE ARRIVEDAT OUR DESTINATIONTHANK YOU FOR COMING

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