Map Instructions

1. Map Instructions 1) Read paragraph and highlight “maptual” items (Maptual= anything like mountains, rivers, oceans, states, countries, territories, trails, that you may find on a map. 2) List the item you highlighted on the line and write why it’s important (this info is in the paragraph) 3) Everything you highlighted should be labeled on the map (create a key) Let’s do number one together.

2. 1.The Original 13 Colonies were bordered by the Appalachian Mountains to the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. However, after winning independence, the US gained all the land from the Original Colonies to west of the Mississippi River. The land north of the Ohio River became known as the Northwest Territory, where 5 new states were created from. a. ____________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________ d._____________________________________________________________

3. Label highlighted “maptual” items in the key, not the map

4. Mapping Activity • Create a KEY • Label EVERYTHING you wrote on mapping page • Cross off each aspect you put on the map • Helpful pages in books

5. 2. In 1803 Thomas Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans from the French. Napoleon surprised the Americans by offering to sell the entire territory of Louisiana. Doubling the size of the United States, Louisiana contained all the land drained by rivers that flowed to the Mississippi, including the ‘Big Muddy’ aka the Missouri River. Lewis and Clark were sent to explore the new territory. Following the Missouri River, they crossed the Rocky Mountains and became the first Americans to cross the entire continent and reach the Pacific Ocean. a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________

6. 3. After Mexico gained independence from Spain, Mexico asked Americans to move into its Texas territory. The new immigrants soon came into conflict with the Mexican government based in Mexico City. Texans then fought their own war of independence with Mexico. With brutal battles like that at the Alamo, Texas won it’s independence from Mexico and became an independent country in 1839. It would not be until 1845 that Texas would be annexed (added) to the US, mainly due to the fact that northern states were not happy that Texas allowed slavery. Even after the War, Texas and Mexico disagreed on the new borders, Texas claimed the Rio Grande River as its southern border. a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________

7. 4. With the dream of Manifest Destiny in the heads of many Americans, the US soon decided that northern Mexico should become part of the United States. In 1846 after Mexico refused to sell its territory, the United States sent an army into the disputed Mexico/Texas border. Mexico declared war on the United States and the Mexican-American War began. Using its industrial power, the United States invaded Mexico and California. After the US captured Mexico City, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. This treaty, which took place in 1848, gave the United States the land known as the Mexican Cession. a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________

8. 5. In order to finish its Manifest Destiny dream, the US finally came to an agreement with the British over the disputed Oregon Territory in 1846. The US and Britain agreed to split the Oregon Territory at 49 degrees latitude, with the United States receiving the land South of that parallel. Americans were able to claim so much territory due to the large amount of settlers who had traveled to the rich farmland on the Oregon Trail. a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________

9. 6. After gaining all the Territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific, Americans started traveling west in large numbers. The California and Oregon Trails crossed the Rocky Mountains at the South Pass and then split. The Oregon Trail followed the Snake River into the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The California Trail went through what is now Nevada following the Humboldt River. It then crossed the Sierra Nevada Mountains over Donner and Beckwourth Passes. Thousands more people came to California when gold was discovered there in 1849. The nick-name of those who came searching for gold became the 49’ers. a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________________________

10. 7. Besides California and Oregon, immigrants also headed to other areas of the West. Brigham Young led his followers on the Mormon Trail to land around the Great Salt Lake to escape religious persecution. The Mormons created their own community and set up trading posts to settlers headed to California. The first ‘white settlement’ in what becomes Nevada was known as Mormon Station, a trading post at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The Santa Fe Trail brought settlers to New Mexico and Southern California by connecting Omaha, Neb., Santa Fe, NM and Los Angeles. a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________

11. Label 1-8 in your spirals please, this will be on the test!!!

14. American Progress by John Gast, 1872

15. Explain MANIFEST DESTINY • Who would have held this belief? • Who would have disagreed with this belief? • What was the belief used as an excuse for? • What are your thoughts on the belief?

16. REVIEW of Micro-Lesson A. Land Gained After Revolution 1. West of Appalachain 2. East of Mississippi River B. Northwest Territory 1. Land North of Ohio River 2. Biggest push for Settlement 3. Family Farms & Towns a. No Slavery C. Adding States 1. Based on Population (60,000) 2. Once a State is Accepted it is EQUAL to all other States 3. NO COLONIES- British Mistake

17. REVIEW of Micro-Lesson

18. REVIEW of Micro-Lesson Objective #2: Louisiana Purchase A. Louisiana Purchase 1.Purchased from France – 1803 a. $15 Million (Napoleon Sells) • 2. Geographic Location • East- Mississippi River • Most- Drainage System of the Mississippi River (Mainly Missouri River) 3. Exploration Lewis & Clark a. Job: Explore the new territory of Louisiana -Find a NW Passage -Find the true size of the territory -Discover Native Am. & Natural Resources b. How?- Follow Missouri to End / Reach Pacific / Explore Rivers

20. Objective #2: Louisiana Purchase REVIEW of Micro-Lesson

21. REVIEW of Micro-Lesson

22. http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-audacity-behind-the-louisiana-purchase-judy-waltonhttp://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-audacity-behind-the-louisiana-purchase-judy-walton • Ted Talk- LA purchase

23. WESTERN EXPANSION How the United States grew from 13 colonies on the East Coast to Coast to Coast

24. I. Objective #1: Manifest DestinyDescribe Manifest Destiny*. What direction did the U.S. generally grow in?Describe which country and which type of people lost the most land from Manifest Destiny. Who did Americans believe gave them the right to get the land? Explain events seen in the ‘Manifest Destiny’ picture. A. Where we going???? 1. Mountain Men a. Early explorers head into new territory (Louisiana) b. Trap Beaver (popular hats in Europe) *Send stories and goods back to states 2. Exploration a. John C. Freemont – Explores actual travel routes from Missouri to Calif. **Writes stories about trail and Calif. b. John Ogden- Sees Humboldt River c. Joseph Walker- 1st to cross Salt Lake Desert & finds Humboldt River

26. Objective #1: Manifest Destiny "With a selected party of fifteen, among whom were some of my best men, including several Delawares, I was to attempt the crossing the mountain in order to get through to Sutter's Fort be-fore the snow began to fall. At the fort I could obtain the necessary supplies for the relief of the main party. Leaving them in good order, and cheerful at the prospect of escaping from the winter into the `Beautiful California Valley,' as it was then called, we separated, and I took up my route for the river which flows into Pyramid Lake, and which on my last journey I had named Salmon Trout River, I now entered a region which hardship had made familiar to me, and I was not compelled to feel my way, but used every hour of the day to press towards the pass at the head of the river." Fremont's route took him north, up the Walker River  [From James G. Scrugham, Nevada: The Narrative of the Conquest of a Frontier Land (1935), vol. I, pp. 85-100] X JOHN C. FREMONT 1845

27. Objective #1: Manifest Destiny B. Manifest Destiny 1. 1840’s – Belief that the U.S. and it’s people had the right to “colonize” & use all territory from Atlantic to Pacific. *John Quincy Adams- “It’s inevitable . . . as that the Mississippi flows to the sea.” *John O’Sullivan- It’s America’s Manifest Destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us.” Problems: Who Owns it?? People Already there??? How to get it???? Reasons we need it???

30. Objective #1: Manifest Destiny • Moving West 1. Industrial Revolution **Creation of a factory system and use of mechanical tools to improve life and production Ex.Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney (1793) Textile Mills by Francis Lowell (1814) Steam Boat by Fulton (1807) 2. Moving West (Mid-West) a. Roads / Rivers / Canals -Roads(Turnpikes) allow for easier travel -Rivers, easiest but not always where you want Industrial-> -Canals, Connect cities and major waterways **Erie Canal- Buffalo to NY (by Hudson R.) -Railroads, brand new (1832 NY & Erie RR) 3. Result = More Land to Use *Americans move further west along new transportation routes. (Connection to Civ.)

33. Objective #1- Eastern Improvements More WAYS TO GET CROPS TO MARKET!!! = MORE LAND TO USE!!!!

35. Objective #1- Eastern Improvements

36. Review Questions • Explain MANIFEST DESTINY • Who would have held this belief? • Who would have disagreed with this belief? • What was the belief used as an excuse for? • What are your thoughts on the belief?

37. 5 senses… As you read, ANNOTATE the document for the five senses • What I see… (draw eyes) • What I hear… (draw ears) • What I feel… (draw fingers) • What I smell… (draw nose) • What I taste… (draw tongue)

38. Next, use your annotations to complete the boxes on the green sheet • Use the “Faces sheet” and pick a descriptive word to complete the following: Based on Samuels story, one could argue that, from the perspective of the Cherokee people, Indian removal was ___________.

39. Triad Discussion • A person: share your claim first • B person: listen and respond to A person using “Accountable listening” • C person: listen and respond to A person using a different “accountable listening” • B person: shares their claim • A person: responds to B with accountable listening • C person: responds to B with accountable listening • Then C person shares their claim…

40. Based on what you have learned so far… • In argumentative writing, what is a CLAIM (so what does it mean to make a claim)? • What is the point of EVIDENCE? • What is REASONING?

41. Complete your claim based on your Triad discussion • Write on the green sheet bottom half

42. Argumentative writing skill practice • Directly quoting evidence: SCAR Shorten the quote to the JUICIEST part Cite the quote (document, line number and/or year) Attribute the quote: Who said it Reason through it: Explain how it supports your point

43. Example • Claim: The trail of tears was heart-breaking • Passage: I hear myself call her name, softly, then louder. She does not answer. My aunt and uncle come over to me to see what is wrong. My aunt looks at my mother. My uncle pulls me from her. My aunt begins to wail. I will never forget that wail. I did not understand when my father died. My mother’s death I do not understand, but I suddenly know that I am alone. • SCAR: • Evidence of how heart-breaking the Trail of Tears was can be seen with Samuel Cloud’s first hand account (Samuel’s Memory, 1995) of the trail, where he stated “My aunt begins to wail. I will never forget that wail…My mother’s death I do not understand, but I suddenly know that I am alone.” Losing a parent is never easy, losing both in a span of a few months, all at the tender age of nine, even more so. Add on to this the fact that Samuel witnessed the death of his mother, saw the pain and agony of his aunt, and realized he was now alone, made this event even more tragic.

44. Practice #1) The Trail of Tears was traumatizing. #2) The Trail of Tears was inhumane -As Samuel Cloud (Samuel’s Memory, 1995) stated, “ -Proof of how traumatizing the Trail of Tears was can be seen in the following quote by Samuel Cloud (Samuel’s Memory, 1995), “

45. How to directly quote MOST often, you should paraphrase (put in your own words) a passage. However, sometimes directly quoting works best. Use the following acronym when you quote: SCAR Shorten the quote to the BEST part Cite the quote (document, line number and/or year) Attribute the quote: Who said it Reason through it: Explain how it supports your point (Samuel’s Memory, Michael Rutledge, 1995) *Find the best evidence from Samuel’s Memory of something TRAUMATIZING (something you will NEVER forget) and something INHUMANE (not human) and highlight it

46. Writing assignment • Claim: Based on Samuels story, one could argue that, from the perspective of the Cherokee people, the Trail of Tears was ___________. • Evidence 1 – SCAR quote (include citation) • Reasoning 1- explain evidence • Reasoning 1- this shows (repeat claim) because… • Evidence 2- SCAR quote (include citation) • In addition… Furthermore… • Reasoning 2- explain quote • Reasoning 2- this proves (repeat claim) because… - Conclusion- rephrase claim

47. Samuel’s story • Place a BOX around your sentence starters • Highlight YELLOW your EVIDENCE sentences (should be at least 2, separated by reasoning) • Highlight PINK your REASONING sentences: Your reasoning is how YOU explain how the evidence led to your DESCRIPTIVE word. *Have out your MAPPING activity

48. Groupie Groups!

49. Table: • Fill in REASONS for each ISSUE mentioned in essay (Georgia, other tribes, Treaty, Civil War) • Fill in EVIDENCE author gave to support reasons and RATE evidence. BE PREPARED TO EXPLAIN RATING • What does the author say about OTHER SIDE (called COUNTER-CLAIM)

50. Finishing the front page • Make sure you have RANKED 1-3 each mini-claim (argument) the author made. 1 is EXTREMELY convincing, 3 is NOT CONVINCING • Include LINE #’s!!! • A COUNTER-CLAIM is where you acknowledge what the other side is going to say, but show how that argument is clearly WRONG. *One of the skills you are expected to gain is SPEAKING and LISTENING SKILLS. Today is PRACTICE for these skills. The only way to improve on ANYTHING is purposeful practice!