October 2005

1. NATO Modelling and Simulation Group MSG-035 The U.S. Army’s Next Generation Simulation Modelling the Response to the World’s Future ThreatDoug ParsonsLead Engineer, OneSAF Software DevelopmentLTC John “Buck” SurduProduct Manager, OneSAF October 2005

2. As the nature of military conflict continues to change…so must our models and simulations Soviet Union Warsaw PACT Dissolved Kosovo Conflict 9/11 Attack Formation of Warsaw PACT Conclusion of WW II Cold War Era Operation Enduring Freedom ------------ Operation Iraqi Freedom Formation of NATO Operation Desert Storm Janus ModSAF OTB U.S. Army Entity Level Simulations CCTT SAF OOS ‘45 ‘05 ‘50 ‘55 ‘60 ‘65 ‘70 ‘75 ‘80 ‘85 ‘90 ‘95 2000

3. What is the One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) Objective System? • A composable, next generation CGF • Represent a full range of operations, systems, and control processes (TTP) • Entity up to brigade level • Variable level of fidelity • Supports multiple Army M&S domain (ACR, RDA, TEMO) applications. • Field to: • RDECs and Battle Labs • National Guard armories • Reserve training centers • All active-duty brigades • and battalions • All FCS platforms Capable of replacing legacy entity-based simulations: BBS, OTB/ModSAF, CCTT/AVCATT SAF, Janus, JCATS MOUT

4. U.S. Army Modelling and Simulation Domains Advanced Concepts and Requirements ACR (Doctrine, Analysis & Concepts Forces) • Analysis of Alternatives • O&O Development • Doctrine Development • Requirements • Army Transformation • FCS • Mobilization Analysis and Planning • System Design • Life Cycle Cost • Logistics Analysis • Component Analysis & Design • Vulnerability Analysis • Testing • Lethality Analysis • Performance Factors • Reliability Analysis • Manprint Research, Development & Acquisition RDA (Equipping the Force) • Collective Training • Staff Training • Individual Training • Mission Rehearsal • Distributed Training • Crew Training • Embedded Training Training, Exercises & Military Operations TEMO (Warfighters:CBT, CS, CSS Forces)

5. OneSAF Objective System and theNATO Response Force The NATO Response Force will be a coherent, high readiness, joint, multinational force package, technologically advanced, flexible, deployable, interoperable and sustainable. • Brigade sized land component • Missions • Tailored to the specific needs of a given operation and able to move quickly to wherever needed. • Crisis response including peacekeeping • Peace enforcement • Counter terrorism operations • CBRN events and humanitarian crises • Initial entry force and enabling force • Demonstrative force package • Non combatant evacuation

6. OneSAF Composability Toolset to Build the NATO Response Force Behavior Composer Unit Composer Entity Composer

7. OneSAFModelling the Three-Block War Peacekeeping Operations Humanitarian Assistance Mid-Intensity Conflict "In one moment in time, our service members will be feeding and clothing displaced refugees - providing humanitarian assistance. In the next moment, they will be holding two warring tribes apart - conducting peacekeeping operations. Finally, they will be fighting a highly lethal mid-intensity battle. All on the same day, all within three city blocks. It will be what we call the three block war." - General Charles Krulak, USMC • Enhanced dismounted infantry behaviors • Validated, physics-based models • Ultra-high resolution buildings (UHRB): • Stairs • Usable roofs • Interior walls • Furniture • Rubble • Underground structures: • Cellars/basements • Tunnels • Hiding holes • Some crowd modeling • Multiple sides (25) • Changeable/Asymmetric relationships • Friendly • Hostile • Suspect • Neutral • Military and non-military forces • Conventional and unconventional weapons • Non-military vehicles

8. OneSAF Capabilities Humanitarian assistance • Tasks Derived from the U.S. Army Universal Task List • Conduct Casualty Evacuation • Conduct CL III Tailgate Resupply • Conduct Equipment Repair • Conduct Medical Treatment • Conduct Tactical Road March • Conduct Towing • Construct Roads and Trails • Move a Casualty • Load/Unload Personnel/ • Supplies/Equipment • Non-Governmental & Private Volunteer Organizations • Field Mission Delegate Branch • General Support Branch • Medical Support Branch • Relief Work Branch • Construction Element • Private Security Guard Team

9. Future OneSAF CapabilitiesPeacekeeping operations These tasks will be modeled as Pre-Planned Product Improvements. Stability Operations Conduct Stability Operations Conduct Peace Operations Conduct Security Assistance Conduct Humanitarian and Civic Assistance Provide Support to Insurgencies Support Counter-Drug Operations Perform Noncombatant Evacuation Operations Conduct Arms Control Operation Conduct a Show of Force Conduct Foreign Internal Defense Operations Combat Terrorism Support Operations Conduct Support Operations Conduct Domestic Support Operations Conduct Foreign Humanitarian Assistance Conduct Forms of Support Operations

10. OneSAF CapabilitiesUrban mid-to high intensity conflict Urban Operations - Behaviours IC Enter a Room SQD Enter and Clear a Building Dismount Aircraft & Vehicles Mount Aircraft & Vehicles Move in Urban Terrain Urban Defense PLT Assault a Building TD UAV Conduct Surveillance Emplace Minefields/IED’s Establish Cordon IED Attack Urban Sniper Execute Urban Ambush Ground Execute Urban Ambush Air COE Attack Conduct Raid Move a Casualty (MEDEVAC) Conduct Ambush

11. IED Improvised Obstacles in Mouse Holes Mouse Hole Creation Dynamic Side Changes Reduced Profile Shooting Detect Vehicle Borne IED Indirect Fire Weapons used as Direct fire weapons Urban Operations Medevac Sniper Tactics Penetration of Wall Buildings Conduct Raid Controlled Mines Ambush "Technicals“ Shielding Tactics Expedient Field Fortification Decoys Rocket & Mortar Attack OneSAF CapabilitiesContemporary Operating Environment

12. OneSAF TechnologyEmpowering our allies Project Agreements Cooperative developmentForeign Military Sales Associated with the purchase of hardware, software, training, technical expertise, etc.

13. Questions? www.onesaf.org Register for the OneSAF Objective System Web Portal (public webpage). Technical briefings, conference papers, and downloads. LTC John R. “Buck” Surdu PM OneSAF john.surdu@us.army.mil Mr. John Logsdon DPM OneSAF john.logsdon@peostri.army.mil Mr. Doug Parsons Lead Engineer, OneSAF doug.parsons@peostri.army.mil

14. Back Up Slides

15. OOS Modelling the Three-Block WarUltra high resolution buildings (UHRB) • Advanced features: anteroom, atrium, balcony, closet, elevator shaft, escalator, hallway, fire escape, ramp, stair, ventilation duct/shaft • Apertures: breach hole, door, skylight, trapdoor, ventilation opening, loophole • Enhanced attribution: length, width, height, lighting characterization, railing type, aperture state, interior wall construction, floor construction, exterior wall construction • Enhanced route planningwithin buildings – to include routes through apertures. Ray-traced line of sight through apertures • Bullets passing through walls – if the bullet creates a detonation event then an aperture will be created; although, the low resolution model of damage may have limits to the size of the aperture. • Underground structures – tunnels, sewers, basements.

16. OOS Modelling the Three-Block WarHigh resolution synthetic environment • Multi-resolution terrain databases • High resolution terrain (1:50k) • Very-high resolution terrain (1:12.5k) • Varying levels of building fidelity: medium, high, and ultra high • Ultra-high resolution buildings (UHRBs) with building interiors, apertures, stairwells, furniture; UHRB Editor • DI reasoning and movement planning in an urban environment • Ray-trace LOS through terrain, features, and UHRB apertures • Standardization of OTF specification and API • Multi-resolution NBC/Smoke/Obscurants • Degradation of surfaces due to use • Support for subterranean structures • Building damage and rubble of buildings

17. OneSAF is Purple… “Becoming a de facto joint model” • USMC (PM TRASYS) invested FY04 and FY05 dollars to build Marine entities, units, and behaviors in OOS. • OOS drives USMC CACCTUS training system. • Coordination ongoing with Air Force SIMAF office to use OOS as the ground maneuver driver in EAAGLES. • USAF planning to build behaviors for OOS as well. • JFCOM J-9 plans to use OOS in JUO Experiments in FY05 and 06 • Part of 2004 J-7 Joint interoperability demo at I/ITSEC • OOS will be under the hood in a variety of virtual simulators, including AVCATT, CCTT, the Common Gunnery Architecture, and the Common Driver Trainer • Embedded training on all FCS platforms • Signed Project Agreement with the UK to build their behaviors for OOS • Several countries are preparing to stand up their own IDE