Mental Disorders

1. Mental Disorders

2. True or False • (Write True or False in your journal…) • One of the symptoms of Clinical Depression is a change in sleep pattern. • One of the symptoms of Clinical Depression is pessimism. • Bipolar Disorder is a disorder in which a person has extreme changes between 3 different moods. • An individual with Bipolar Disorder has extreme depression. • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder was once referred to as shell shock. • An individual with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder will avoid certain places that cause them fear. • Tourette’s Syndrome is worst at age 18. • Tourette’s Syndrome is when an individual has uncontrollable bursts of cursing.

3. Clinical Depression Symptoms: -Depressed mood -Indifference -Lack of energy -Pessimism -Inability to concentrate -Irritability/Anger -Withdrawal from friends and family -Change in sleep pattern -Feelings of worthlessness -Thoughts of death or suicide (Chart: Pgs. 32-33)

4. Treatment for Depression Medication -Antidepressants (helps to relieve 80% of people with symptoms) -Therapy: Cognitive Interpersonal

5. Bipolar Disorder • Symptoms • Extreme changes in mood – from mania to depression. • “Mania”: restless, energetic, talkative, reckless • “Depression”: sadness, crying, sense of • worthlessness, loss of energy, loss of pleasure, sleep problems • Highs and lows vary for each person.

6. Bipolar Disorder • Treatment • Combination of medication and counseling. • Medication may be a combination of drugs to treat the mania and depression symptoms, as well as mood stabilizers to control mood swings.

7. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Once referred to as shell shock or battle fatigue syndrome.) Develops after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic or terrifying event.

8. Symptoms • (Diagnosed with PTSD if symptoms last longer than one month and an individual cannot function as well as before the event occurred. Symptoms may appear within three months of the event or years later.) • Re-living: flashbacks, nightmares, hallucinations • Avoiding: avoiding places, people, thoughts, or • situations that may remind him/her of the trauma • Emotions: increased irritability, anger, difficulty concentrating, easily startled

9. Treatment • Medication • Psychotherapy (counseling) • Goal of treatment is to reduce the emotional and physical symptoms.

10. Tourette’s Disorder Neurological (brain) condition that causes an individual to have vocal tics and motor tics that beyond his/her control. Tics are generally at their worst at age 12.

11. Symptoms • Slight twitching of the eyes, jerking the neck, coughing or throat-clearing • Tics occur in burst of movements or sounds (spontaneous). May last several seconds or minutes. • Tics change. They may become more or less severe or the tic itself might change. • A common stereotype of Tourette’s is the belief that people with this disorder have uncontrollable bursts of cursing. Most people with Tourette’s do not have this symptom. (Less than 15%.)

12. Treatment The most common treatment is learning how to manage tics and the situations that might make a tic worse. Severe tics may be treated with habit reversal (counseling) or medication.

13. True or False • One of the symptoms of Clinical Depression is a change in sleep pattern. • One of the symptoms of Clinical Depression is pessimism. • Bipolar Disorder is a disorder in which a person has extreme changes between 3 different moods. • An individual with Bipolar Disorder has depression. • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder was once referred to as shell shock. • An individual with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder will avoid certain places that cause them fear. • Tourette’s Syndrome is worst at age 18. • Tourette’s Syndrome is when an individual has uncontrollable bursts of cursing. True True False True True True False False

14. Mental Disorders

15. BEFORE THE BELL: WRITE THIS LIST DOWN SOME PLACE YOU CAN USE IT TO STUDY NEED TO KNOW: 2 types of stress Psychologist Psychiatrist emotions anxiety stressor 2-3 warning signs of suicide 1-2 Resources (people) for help 2-3 symptoms: Schizophrenia Post-Traumatic OCD Depression Bipolar Tourette’s Core emotions STRONG Examples in your emotions “toolbox” TEST THURSDAY!!

16. True/False • 1. There is a cure for schizophrenia. • 2. An individual with schizophrenia may have inappropriate emotions. • 3. Repeated thoughts or fears are called obsessions. • 4. Repeated behaviors are called obsessions. • 5. Arranging items in a particular order would be an example of a compulsion.

17. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life events (health, family, money, work, school). Their worry is often unrealistic or out of proportion. (Chart: Pgs. 32-33)

18. Symptoms • Excessive, ongoing worry and tension • Restlessness • Irritability • Muscle tension • Headaches • Sweating • Difficulty concentrating • Nausea • The need to go to the bathroom frequently. • Tiredness • Trouble falling or staying asleep. • Trembling • Easily startled

19. Treatment Combination of medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy

20. Schizophrenia Symptoms Two groups of symptoms: negative and positive Negative symptoms are parts of your personality that are “lost” with schizophrenia. -lack of motivation -self-neglect (not bathing) -inappropriate emotion (becoming angry with strangers)

21. Positive symptoms are characteristics that are “added” to your personality. -hallucinations -delusions -disorganized or confusing thoughts and speech

22. Treatment • There is no cure for schizophrenia. • Medications • Counseling

23. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) People with OCD have repeating/distressing thoughts, fears, or images that they cannot control. (Obsessions) Anxiety from these thoughts leads to an urgent need to perform certain rituals or routines. (compulsions) The rituals are an attempt to make the obsessive thoughts go away. People with this disorder may know that their obsessions and compulsions are senseless or unrealistic.

24. Symptoms • (May vary from person to person.) • Obsessions • Fear of dirt/contamination of germs. • Fear of causing harm to another. • Fear of making a mistake. • Need for order, symmetry or exactness. • Excessive doubt and the need for constant • reassurance.

25. Symptoms • Compulsions • Repeatedly bathing, showering or washing hands. • Refusing to shake hands or touch doorknobs. • Repeatedly checking things, such as locks or stoves. • Constant counting. • Constantly arranging things in a certain way. • Eating foods in a specific order. • Needing to perform tasks a certain number of times. • Collecting or hoarding items.

26. Treatment • Medication • Cognitive-behavior therapy

27. Journal 1. What compulsions did you notice? (Make a list.) 2. What obsessions are associated with the compulsions you listed? 3. Why was Monk disappointed in only knocking down 9 bowling pins? 4. How does OCD interfere with a person’s day to day living?

28. True/False • 1. There is a cure for schizophrenia. • 4. An individual with schizophrenia may have inappropriate emotions. • 5. Repeated thoughts or fears are called obsessions. • 6. Repeated behaviors are called obsessions. • 7. Arranging items in a particular order would be an example of a compulsion. False True True False True

29. NEED TO KNOW: 2 types of stress Self-concept Self-esteem Resilience Psychologist Psychiatrist Steps of anger management 2-3 warning signs of suicide Resources (people) for help 2-3 symptoms: Schizophrenia Post-Traumatic OCD Depression Bipolar Tourette’s TEST TOMORROW!! Essay: What does it mean to “bottle up your emotions”? Healthy or unhealthy? How should you express your emotions?

30. Johnny goes bowling with his friends. As his friends are putting on their shoes, they notice Johnny up at the ball rack. Johnny is carefully lining up each of the bowling balls, setting all the solid black bowling balls together on one end and the red and blue bowling balls on the other end. They watch as he rotates each ball so that the finger holes are facing up. He carefully counts the number of bowling balls on the rack. Five bowling balls. He frowns and then grabs another ball to set on the rack. Six bowling balls. Johnny and his friends start to bowl . The first ball Johnny throws, knocks over 9 pins. Johnny groans as he slowly walks back to his friends. One of his friends smiles and pats him on the shoulder. “Awesome shot Johnny. Its still your turn, knock over that last pin.” Johnny looks at his friend. “I get another turn?” His friend nods. Johnny turns around, his frown turning to a smile. JOURNAL What mental disorder does Johnny have? Make a list of the compulsions that Johnny demonstrated. 3. What obsessions are associated with the compulsions you listed? 4. Why was Johnny disappointed in only knocking down 9 bowling pins? 5. How does OCD interfere with a person’s day to day living?

31. Panic Disorder Sudden attacks of fear and nervousness that are out of proportion for the situation. • Begins during late adolescence and early adulthood. • Twice as common in women as in men.

32. Symptoms (Often last for about 10 minutes.) • Difficulty breathing. • Pounding heart. • Intense feeling of terror. • Dizziness. • Trembling/shaking. • Sweating. • Nausea. • Chills. • Fears of losing control or are about to die. • Key Symptom: Fear of having future panic attacks.

33. Treatment • Psychotherapy • Cognitive-behavioral therapy • Medication • With proper treatment, 90% of people find relief.