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The Cognitive Interview

The Cognitive Interview.

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The Cognitive Interview

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  1. The Cognitive Interview Geiselman et al. (1985) noticed that the standard police interview („tell everything you know“ followed by detail questions) did not suit the needs of eyewitness memories. They developed the cognitive interview, which is built on the following two findings from memory research: Contributor © POSbase 2005

  2. The Cognitive Interview • The effectiveness of a retrieval cue depends critically on the encoding conditions (encoding specificity), as demonstrated in context dependent memory and state-dependent memory. • There is more than one path to the information stored in memory, so that various retrieval cues may permit access to any given information. If one retrieval cue is ineffective, another one may help. From these mechanisms, four principles were derived: © POSbase 2005

  3. The Cognitive Interview • The eyewitness recreates the external context (e.g., time of day, surroundings) and internal state (e.g., mood) at the time of the crime. • The eyewitness reports everything, even if it is fragmentary or subjectively unimportant. • The eywitness reports the incident in various orders. • The eyewitness reports the incident from various perspectives, e.g., from the perspective of both the perpetrator and the victim. This principle relies on research from Anderson & Pichert (1978). © POSbase 2005

  4. The Cognitive Interview Geiselman et al. examined the cognitive interview and compared it to hypnosis and a standard police interview. Participants saw a police training film with a staged violent crime and were interviewed two daysa later by professional law-enforcement personnel. © POSbase 2005

  5. The Cognitive Interview Participants produced more correct statements if asked with the cognitive interview (M = 41) and hypnosis (M = 38) than with the standard police interview. Number of incorrect statements did not significantly differ. © POSbase 2005

  6. The Cognitive Interview Fisher et al. (1987) later developed the enhanced cognitive interview. Despite some success, the cognitive interview has its limitations. Most importantly, later studies have shown that there is a cost in terms of more incorrect statements, which is of concern in criminal investigations. © POSbase 2005

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