Dynamics and Control Update Texas A&M University

1. Dynamics and Control UpdateTexas A&M University John Valasek 28 February 2007

2. Aerospace D&C Faculty • Migrations • Alfriend • Ward • Crassidis • Adjunct • Turner • Full Professors • Hyland (half time with Dean’s Office) • Junkins • Strganac • Vadali • ????? • Associate Professors • Hurtado • Mortari • Pollock • Valasek • Assistant Professors • Bhattacharya* • Chakravorty* • Kalmar-Nagy* ________________________ *not yet tenured

3. Sensor • VisNav relative navigation optical sensor • Controller • Reference Observer Tracking Controller (ROTC) • Air Vehicles • Custom • Goal: demonstrate first air-to-air docking of UAV tanker and UAV receiver, without human supervision or intervention • Scheduled for 2nd Quarter 2007 Receiver UAV Wingspan: 11.5 ft Wing Area: 2107 in2 Aspect Ratio: 9 Airfoil: 4412 at the root, 2412 at the tip Fuel systems: 64 oz model fuel tank Weight: 58 lbs Power plant: Brison 6.4cu intwin cylinder engine rated at 9 BHP (without muffler) C&I Electronic Ignition Propeller: 24” diameter with 12" pitch • Phase II SBIR • 10+ flights to date • Refueling hardware installed • Sensor integration proceeding Tanker UAV Wingspan: 14.25 ft Wing Area: 2880 in2 Aspect Ratio: 10 Airfoil: 4412 at the root, 2412 at the tip Fuel systems: 64 oz model fuel tank Weight: 70 lbs Power plant: Brison 6.4cu intwin cylinder engine rated at 9 BHP (without muffler) C&I Electronic Ignition Propeller: 26” diameter with 10" pitch

4. Project Introduction • 11+ years of space flight, nanosatellite design, student education at ASU • Over 750 students (mostly undergraduate and of all disciplines and levels) • Provision of real aerospace projects • Sounding rocket launch out of Wallops Island in 2000 • Several high-altitude balloon launches • Two major satellite programs launched with the Air Force • ASUSat1 on 1st OSP Space Launch Vehicle “Minotaur” out of Vandenberg in Jan 2000 • Three Corner Sat on Delta IV Heavy Demo out of Cape Canaveral in Dec 2004 as part of University Nanosat program I/II • AggieSat Lab established in March 2005 • Vision Statement: To demonstrate and develop modern technologies by utilizing nanosatellite platform while educating students and enriching undergraduate experience. • Problem/Challenge • Consider lessons learned from our previous missions, provide systems perspective and implement realistic experimental program featuring series of satellites.

5. AggieSat1 AFRL UN4 Competition 30 kg nanosatellite Demonstrating RSM Architecture Current Projects • AggieSat2 • JSC/TAMUS/UT Austin Collaboration • 3.5 kg cubesat • Inaugural Mission of LONESTAR Campaign • AggieSat3 • AFRL UN5 Competition • 50 kg nanosatellite • Relative navigation demonstration

6. LONESTAR (Low-earth Orbiting Experimental Satellites to Test Autonomous Rendezvous) • AggieSat2: 1st of 4 satellite pairs • 4th pair of satellites will demonstrate autonomous rendezvous and docking (ARD) • AggieSat2 will test communications and GPS systems • Work directly with Johnson Space Center (JSC) • Collaborative effort with University of Texas at Austin

7. COM & Tracking Demo System Test Flight ARD Sensor/ Mechanism Validation Complete ARD Demo Baseline Campaign

8. DOD Consortium for Autonomous Space Systems(CASS)

9. CASS Goals I • Enable Collaboration Between the Air Force Research Laboratory and CASS Universities to • Conduct Research on Important Autonomous Spacecraft Technology • Accelerate Progress to Address Critical DOD Needs • Accelerate Technology Transfer to Next Generation DOD Spacecraft Systems • Enhance Education of the Future Aerospace Workforce • Involve both graduate and undergraduate students (U.S. Citizens, about 70 students/year) in research • Enhance and Utilize the Unique Strengths of Two Excellent Academic Institutions: Texas A&M University and the University of Texas, … teamed with AFRL and Industry

10. CASS Goals II • Conduct Basic and Applied Research to Enable the Next Generation of DOD Space Systems that are • More Intelligent and More Autonomous • Self-Aware, Self-Healing, and Re-Configurable • Lighter/Smaller for a Given Functionality • Less Expensive to Launch • More Responsive and More Adaptive • Cooperation of multi-spacecraft systems • Research and Develop Innovative Spacecraft Designs: • Advanced Computing, Sensing, and Intelligent Control Systems for Responsive Space and Counter Space Mission Scenarios • Modular Plug and Play Sub-System Designs • Engineering models and flight prototypes to facilitate technology validation and transfer • Team with industry

11. Operation of CASS • CASS research will have five major thrusts: • Smart Sensing Technologies • Satellite Design • Satellite Constellation and Formation Analysis • Autonomous Control Methods • Precision Navigation and Orbit Determination • Each project will be formed by the advisory board; the teams may draw expertise from several thrusts with PIs from both Universities, and will typically cross the boundaries of the above thrusts • Typically about 10 projects will be active at any time. • Frequent reviews will stress collaboration and each project will be evaluated based upon measures of how well the work is achieving its goals; progress toward technology transfer will be considered. • The AFRL advisors will assist the advisory board in planning the research projects for each year in evaluations/feedback. • Funds for projects which fail to make satisfactory progress will be re-programmed by the advisory board to accelerate successful projects.

12. Staff Industry partners Grad students Undergrad students Staff Industry partners Grad students Undergrad students Staff Industry partners Grad students Undergrad students Staff Industry partners Grad students Undergrad students CASS Organizational Structure John L. Junkins, Director Texas Engineering Experiment Station AFRL Dr. Robinson Contract Monitor Advisory Board Dr. Bishop Dr. Reed Dr. Tapley Dr. XYZ Dr. James D. Turner Operational Director TEES Admin and Fiscal Staff John L. Junkins/NAE Lead Principal Investigator TEES/Texas A&M University Byron Tapley/NAE Lead Principal Investigator The University of Texas Dr. ABC,A&M PI Lead PI for Research Topic TAMU-1 Dr. XYZ,A&M PI Lead PI for Research Topic TAMU-N Dr. ABC, UT PI Lead PI for Research Topic UT-1 Dr. XYZ , UT PI Lead PI for Research Topic UT-N … …

13. One s/c receives the data signals. Determines coherence values and reconstructs image Each s/c records photodetector output signal and sends data via comm. to coordinating s/c Constellations and Imaging for Standoff Space Situational AwarenessD. C. Hyland (PI), S. Chakravorty (Co-PI), D. Mortari (Co-PI)-- Exploits Entry Pupil Processing Technologies for design of a LEO-based observatory for ultra-fine resolution imaging of GEO objectsEntry Pupil Processing: System Level -- • Each spacecraft an independent, interchangeable light collector. • No formation-keeping constraints (at the nanometer level) for the transfer of collected beams • Metrology requirements for Hanbury Brown-Twiss technique are extremely benign

14. Low Earth Orbit N Earth Object at GEO String of free-flying telescopes, all pointing toward the GEO object Illustrative Concept: The “String of Pearls” Constellation

15. Example: “Skylab” at GEO 1 pixel =1 cm

16. Performance of Full Aperture Telescopes Image with 10m monolithic telescope at LEO Image with 50m telescope at LEO

17. Reconstructed Image: = 0.5 , Total length of formation = 1800 m. Resolution = 1cm.

18. More Sophisticated Constellation Deigns: Flower Constellations Polar view of the “Inclined Ellipse” Flower Constellation Axonometric view of the “Inclined Ellipse” Flower Constellation

19. Active Maneuvering Strategies for High Resolution Imaging • Problem Statement: Design of optimal maneuvers for the imaging of space objects at a desired resolution using multiple Separated Spacecraft Interferometry • PIs: Dr. S. R. Vadali and Dr. S. Chakravorty • Importance to AFRL: Mission Analysis Tool that allows for the complete design of an active maneuvering system given the parameters of the desired mission such as “desired resolution”, “Orbit Location/ size: Near-Earth or Libration point”, “desired fuel usage”, “size of telescopes” and “number of spacecraft”. • Extremely useful tool for designing space systems for Space Situational Awareness, a long-term goal of AFRL.

20. Consortium for Autonomous Space SystemsCASS Texas A&M University . Air Force Research Laboratory . University of Texas Real-Time, Sub-Optimal Control for Multi-Vehicle Systems John E. Hurtado, Tamás Kalmár-Nagy

21. Creamer, et al NRL VisNav Sensors and Algorithms for Large Space Structure MetrologyJunkins, Hurtado, collaboration with StarVision Technology, Lockheed Martin, et al

22. SEARCH: Space-Eye Awareness and Reconnaissance Camera Hardware • Compatible orbit for periodic close encounters • Rendezvous / Single / Dual Impulse transfers • Many S/C (Gen. Cluster & 7th Space Cavarly) • Touch-to-GEO with Flower Constellations • High dynamic range imaging (HRDI) • Full information from different levels of illumination • Data processing at video rate • Hardware solution

23. Consortium for Autonomous Space SystemsCASS Texas A&M University . Air Force Research Laboratory . University of Texas Autonomous Mobile Robotic System Concepts to Enable Ground Testing ofMulti-Spacecraft Proximity Operations John Junkins, John Valasek

24. Consortium for Autonomous Space SystemsCASS Texas A&M University . Air Force Research Laboratory . University of Texas Stewie Video

25. Consortium for Autonomous Space SystemsCASS Texas A&M University . Air Force Research Laboratory . University of Texas • Point of Contact John Valasek Aerospace Engineering Department Texas A&M University 3141 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-3141 (979) 845-1685 valasek@tamu.edu • Department Web Page • http://aero.tamu.edu