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Thermodynamics of Exotic Matter and Energy

Thermodynamics of Exotic Matter and Energy. Sung-Won Kim (Ewha Womans University). Contents. Motivation Definition Examples Thermodynamics Summary and Further Problems. 1. Definition. Energy Conditions Strong energy conditions Weak energy conditions Null energy conditions.

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Thermodynamics of Exotic Matter and Energy

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  1. Thermodynamics of Exotic Matter and Energy Sung-Won Kim (Ewha Womans University) KPS meeting

  2. Contents • Motivation • Definition • Examples • Thermodynamics • Summary and Further Problems KPS meeting

  3. 1. Definition • Energy Conditions • Strong energy conditions • Weak energy conditions • Null energy conditions KPS meeting

  4. Weaker versions • AWEC • ANEC KPS meeting

  5. KPS meeting

  6. 2. Examples • Wormhole • Negative energy: quantum inequality • Casimir effect • Hawking flux into hole • Dark energy • Quintessence • K-essence • Phantom energy: • Ghost field KPS meeting

  7. 3. Gravity • Wormhole structure • Accelerated expansion KPS meeting

  8. Wormhole = const. embedded in higher dimensional space KPS meeting

  9. KPS meeting

  10. Accelerated Expansion Dark energy? • Quintessence • K-essence • Phantom energy: KPS meeting

  11. 4. Thermodynamics • Negative Energy • Violation of second law • Wormhole • Negative temperature? • Phantom Energy • Negative entropy or negative temperature? KPS meeting

  12. 4.1 Wormhole and Temperature - Hong & Kim KPS meeting

  13. KPS meeting

  14. KPS meeting

  15. KPS meeting

  16. 4.2 Dark energy and Thermodynamics - Lima & Alcaniz, PLB(04) • Acceleration(Adiabatic expansion) (particle current) (entropy current) • Perfect fluid : particle number density : specific entropy (per particle) • Gibbs law • Negative pressure • Expansion -> hotter KPS meeting

  17. KPS meeting

  18. -1/3 0 1/3 -1 KPS meeting

  19. Generalized Stefan-Boltzmann law KPS meeting

  20. -1/3 0 1/3 -1 • If chemical potential is null - Thermodynamic 1st law KPS meeting

  21. KPS meeting

  22. 4.3 Dark energy and Thermodynamics 2 - Gonzalez-Diaz & Siguenza, PLB(04) KPS meeting

  23. KPS meeting

  24. KPS meeting

  25. Physical meaning of negative temperature • The entropy of a phantom universe monotonically decreased if one would be able to add energy to that universe. • Negative temperature is not unphysical or meaningless • Systems with negative temperature have already been observed in the laboratory and interpreted theoretically KPS meeting

  26. Summary & Further Problems • Summary • Exotic matter & energy • Thermodynamics • Negative entropy? or Negative temperature? • Further problems • What is the real exotic matter or energy? • What is the full thermodynamics of it? • Could not exist? KPS meeting

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