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What Shapes an Ecosystem?

What Shapes an Ecosystem?. Prairie in Effigy Mounds National Monument , Iowa, United States. The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland , Australia . . Biotic and Abiotic Factors. Biotic = living Examples: wolf, elk, grass, parasites, bacteria Abiotic = nonliving

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What Shapes an Ecosystem?

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  1. What Shapes an Ecosystem? Prairie in Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa, United States The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia.

  2. Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Biotic = living • Examples: wolf, elk, grass, parasites, bacteria • Abiotic = nonliving • Examples: climate, weather, water, nutrients, soil, sunlight ABIOTIC + BIOTIC DETERMINE THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF AN ORGANISM AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ECOSYSTEM

  3. Niche • Niche = full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it uses those conditions • Includes: • Its place in the trophic pyramid and food web • Range of temperatures for survival • How climate is tied to reproductive cycle (time of mating, appearance and stages of offspring)

  4. Competition = organisms of same or different species attempt to use same resource at same time Predation = one organism captures and feeds on another Symbiosis = two species living close together Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism -- -- + -- + + + 0 + -- Community Interactions lichen

  5. Ecological Succession • Primary Succession = occurs on surfaces where no soil exists • Examples: • New land is formed by lava flow or volcanic ash • Glaciers melt and expose bare rock • Secondary Succession = a disturbance changes an existing community without removing the soil • Examples: • land cleared for farming is abandoned • Wildfire burns woodlands

  6. Succession in Marine Ecosystem • Large whale dues and sinks to normally barren ocean floor • Carcass attracts decomposers and scavengers (amphipods, hagfish, shark) • Within a year most of flesh is gone, fewer fish, crabs, marine snails remain • Decomposition of carcass provides nutrients to ocean floor • When only skeleton remains, bacteria decompose oils in bones • Releases nutrients, feed other bacteria • Bacteria are then food for community of limpets, mussels, snails, worms, crabs, clams

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