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Life on the Ocean

Life on the Ocean. Chapter 13. We can define each part of the ocean on the basis of the following characteristics: temperature amount of light currents salinity nutrient supply water depth nature of the sediment on the bottom. Biomes. Assemblage of organism,

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Life on the Ocean

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  1. Life on the Ocean Chapter 13

  2. We can define each part of the ocean on the basis of the following characteristics: • temperature • amount of light • currents • salinity • nutrient supply • water depth • nature of the sediment on the bottom

  3. Biomes • Assemblage of organism, • Divided into Provinces or biomes • Two major zones • Pelagic – entire water column • Neritic – over the continental shelve • Oceanic – off the continental shelve • Benthic – entire sea floor

  4. Different names depending on whether we are considering benthonic (bottom dwellers); nektonic (can swim against the current), or planktonic (drifters) organisms.

  5. Epipelagic Provinces – coincides with the Eu/photic zone (100-150m) • (nekton, plankton) • Benthic Provinces • Supralittoral • littoralintertidal (foreshore)

  6. sublittoral 0-200 m (continental shelf) • bathypelagic 1000 m • bathyal 4000 m (continental slope and rise; mid-ocean ridges) • abyssopelagic 4000-6000 m • abyssal 4000-6000 m (abyssal plains) • hadalpelagic >6,000 m • hadal >6,000 m (trenches)

  7. Most plankton live in the epipelagic, photic zone. • Most light penetrates into the epipelagic and littoral to sublittoral zones. • Some whales and giant squid live in the mesopelagic and even into the top of the bathypelagic province. • We still have so much to learn about life in the meso-, bathy- and abyssopelagic realms!

  8. Dissolved oxygen levels will go down, but plant growth will speed up which can raise oxygen levels back up during the day, but drive them down again at night.

  9. All the physical factors together make up a province. • Each province of the ocean then has a unique set of plants and animals that are adapted to that province. • The set of plants and animals is a community. • A community is all of the organisms living in the same environment (province) and interacting with one another.

  10. In the ocean, we see that animals and plants fit into one of four basic lifestyles: • planktonic - mero – early part of their development, holo – through their life • nektonic • nekto-benthonic • benthonic - epifauna – attached to sea floor, infauna – within the sea floor

  11. Each community has its share of plankton, nekton, and benthos. • The really defining members of most communities would be the BENTHOS because some nektonic organisms can swim into an area and swim out of it again.

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