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29 th , Sep, 2016

Power Engineering 2016 in UK. GPS Synchronized Digital Grid: Full of Renewable Energy in the Future New Grid Architecture for Renewable Energy Era. 29 th , Sep, 2016. Recovering inverter’s deficits. Rotating Inertia

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29 th , Sep, 2016

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  1. Power Engineering 2016 in UK GPS Synchronized Digital Grid: Full of Renewable Energy in the FutureNew Grid Architecture for Renewable Energy Era 29th , Sep, 2016

  2. Recovering inverter’s deficits • Rotating Inertia Inverter (VSC) will have virtual rotating inertia by an internal clock. The internal clock is created by quartz signal and is very accurate. Voltage phase will rotate from 0 to 2π at a constant speed (in 50Hz, it repeats in every 20 milliseconds) and produce fixed frequency. • Synchronization Synchronization in VSGS means that sinusoidal voltages of inverters should match at any moment, in other words, voltage phasors should match with its magnitude and its angle. • Power Balance Control The cell voltage shall be maintained, and then, power matches demands all the time. Power balance control is done automatically by Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.

  3. CVCF Voltage Source Grid Cell AC/DC/AC Conventional grid 50Hz +/- 0.2Hz Cell (CVCF Voltage Source Grid) Frequency fixed Time-Based VSC Time-Based VSC Inverter (VSC) Inverter (VSC) Synchronized time signal Synchronized time signal ・・・ Distributed Generating Resource Distributed Generating Resource Internaltime signal phase Internaltime signal phase 2π 2π ・・・ ・・・ 0 0 time 0 20ms 40ms 60ms time 0 20ms 40ms 60ms Synchronized time signal

  4. GPS driven Synchronization on DG Cell GPS satellite Synchronization by correcting VSC clock Conventional Grid (flexible frequency) Virtual rotating inertia by VSC clock DGR (asynchronous Connection) Power balance is controlled to be zero by fixed frequency ＤＧ cell grid (fixed frequency)

  5. Two inverters in parallel V V X1 X3 X2 i3 i1 i2 i3 X3・i3 R・i3 （b） R E1 E2 E2 E1 V i2 （a） i1 i3 （c）

  6. Voltage magnitude and phase synchronization V E1=E2 X1 X3 X2 V X1・i1 =X2・i2 i1 i2 i3 i1 i2 R3 i3 E1 E2 （a） （b）

  7. Power Balance Control We can calculate current balance in the cell by using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law. It will cause a tremendous revolution on electric engineering paradigm. This power balance control is suitable to achieve a high penetration of renewables. Zdis Zdis Zdis Ztrans Ztrans Ztrans Idis Idis Idis IL IL IL Load Load Load E E E ・・・

  8. Inverter Synchronization Mechanism CPU/DSP Clock Internaltime signal PWM/inverter output Periodical adjustment Synchronized time signal Internal information PLLmeasurement (zero-cross, phase, etc.) Time based synchronized grid Radioclock GPS signal External information NetworktimeProtocol ・・・・

  9. Digital Grid Cell controls power Flow Power Generation Facilities Industries Digital Grid Cell Digital Grid Cell Digital Grid Cell Smaller scale power generation and storage Inverter

  10. GPS driven Synchronization on DG Cell GPS satellite Synchronization by correcting VSC clock Conventional Grid (flexible frequency) Virtual rotating inertia by VSC clock DGR (asynchronous Connection) Power balance is controlled to be zero by fixed frequency ＤＧ cell grid (fixed frequency)

  11. Internet of Electricity PWM Power IP0004 Existing T&D Grids IP0003 IP Footer IP0005 IP Header IP0001 IP0002 DGR CELL #2 CELL #1 DGR Internet of Electricity CPU CPU Battery1 IP0006 IP0009 IP0010 DGR DGR CPU CPU CELL #3 Battery2 CELL #4 DC/AC Inverter IP0007 DGR Battery CPU IP0008 Applicable to any Voltage Level Smaller CELL

  12. Digital Grid Solution Digital Grid Router Digital Grid #1 Thermal Power • Best Effort Main Grid • Stand Alone Cells • No Black Out • Trading Electricity • Full of Renewable Energy #5 #2 Industries #4 #3 Conventional Grid #6 #7 Service Provider 2009 All rights reserved, Rikiya ABE, the University of Tokyo

  13. Summary • Most of renewable energy resources shall be converted to the electricity by inverters • Inverters do not have rotating inertia, synchronization and power balance control • Synchronizing by external time signal and internal time signal will solve the above problem • New grid (DG cell) shall be separated from the conventional grid • They can be connected asynchronously and exchange power smoothly • Thus, we can utilize renewable power fully

  14. Thank you for your attention Digital Grid Architecture for Renewable Energy System in Near Future 29th, Sep, 2016

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