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Geography of Birds

Geography of Birds. Palearctic Region. Largest region Site of origin of all birds Great diversity of habitats Poor bird variety (cold climate, sharply accentuated breeding season). Palearctic Region. 1026 species (55% passerines) 69 families Only 1 endemic family

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Geography of Birds

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  1. Geography of Birds

  2. Palearctic Region • Largest region • Site of origin of all birds • Great diversity of habitats • Poor bird variety (cold climate, sharply accentuated breeding season)

  3. Palearctic Region • 1026 species (55% passerines) • 69 families • Only 1 endemic family • Similarities with Nearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental

  4. Nearctic Region • 750 species • Dominant - Parulidae (warblers), Icteridae (blackbirds) • 61 families (no endemic) • Similarities with Palearctic, Neotropical

  5. Ethiopian Region • 1556 species (62% passerines) • 73 families • 6 endemic families • Similarities with Palearctic, Oriental

  6. Oriental Region • 961 species • 66 families • Only 1 endemic family • Most similar to Ethiopian, less to Palearctic, Australian

  7. Australian Region • 906 species • 64 families • 13 endemic families

  8. Neotropical Region • 3300 species (dominated by non-passerines) • >95 families • 31 endemic families • Similarities with Nearctic

  9. Active Dispersal • Change in distribution of species • Driven by: • Changing environment • Interspecific competition • Population pressure

  10. Active Dispersal • Enhanced by mobility • Irruption - rapid range expansion • Withdrawal - loss of range

  11. Passive Dispersal • Strong winds, storms - “accidentals” • Humans - House Sparrow, European Starling, Rock Dove, Ring-necked Pheasant

  12. Monk Parakeet • Crate of imported birds broke open in 1967 at JFK International Airport • Now live in New York and 15 other states

  13. Monk Parakeet

  14. Barriers • Mountain ranges • Oceans - Cattle Egret • Cold temperatures • Food resources - e.g., hummingbirds

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