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illustrated glossary of classical architecture

Introduction. The purpose of this work is to introduce teachers and students to the classical elements of architecture that they might see in their own world. A definition will be given for each item and then illustrations will be given from both ancient and modern sources as the availability of images permits. Terms marked with * are defined and illustrated elsewhere in the glossary under their own heading. .

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illustrated glossary of classical architecture

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    1. Illustrated Glossary of Classical Architecture Classical Elements of Architecture used in America

    2. Introduction The purpose of this work is to introduce teachers and students to the classical elements of architecture that they might see in their own world. A definition will be given for each item and then illustrations will be given from both ancient and modern sources as the availability of images permits. Terms marked with * are defined and illustrated elsewhere in the glossary under their own heading.

    3. ContentsAll items are arranged alphabetically Acroterion Apse Arcade Arch Architrave Coffering Cornice Dome Engaged column Frieze Metope Pediment Pilaster Portico Styles Styles Doric Styles Corinthian Styles ionic Triglyph Vaults Vault-barrel Vault- groin Volute

    4. Suggestion for Use Although the features are presented here in alphabetical order they can easily be rearranged for a presentation to students A more meaningful order might be put the three orders together followed by slides on pediments, cornices, metopes, triglyphs, acroteria, architrave, engaged columns, pilasters and portico. Another group, related to the arch would include arcade, vaults, apse and dome.

    5. Acroterion:An ornament on the roof line of a building

    6. ApseA semicircular space terminating an axis

    8. ArchA curved construction which spans an opening usually consisting of wedge-shaped blocks called voissoirs, the center on of which is the keystone.

    9. ArchitraveThe beam that spans from column to column, resting directly on the capitals of the columns.

    10. CofferingCeiling with deeply recessed panels, often highly ornamented.

    11. CorniceAny molded projection which crowns or finishes the part to which it is attached..May be horizontal or diagonal (raked cornice)

    12. DomeA curved roof structure derived from multiple arches spanning an area

    13. Engaged columnA column partially built into a wall; not freestanding.

    14. FriezeA middle, horizontal band above the architrave and below the cornice

    15. MetopeThe panel between the *triplyphs in the *Doric frieze, often carved

    16. PedimentTriangular gable end of a roof above the horizontal cornice, often with sculpture

    17. PilasterA pillar or pier , often with capital and base, attached to a wall. Distinguished from an engaged column by being flat.

    18. PorticoA porch or covered walk consisting of a roof supported by columns

    19. StylesThe Three ordersFor details see individual entries

    20. Style: DoricCharacterized by sturdy column with cushion capital and a *frieze of *triglyphs and *metopes.

    21. Style: CorinthianCharacterized by a slender and ornate column with a bell-shaped capital adorned with *volutes and two rows of acanthus leaves

    22. Style: IonicCharacterized by capitals with large *volutes, a continuous *frieze, and elegant detailing Upper left: diagram of whole Ionic column; upper right: detail of ionic capital Lower left: Ionic temple of Athena Niki on Acropolis of Athens; lower right, Upper left: diagram of whole Ionic column; upper right: detail of ionic capital Lower left: Ionic temple of Athena Niki on Acropolis of Athens; lower right,

    23. TriglyphThe characteristic ornament of the Doric *frieze, consisting of slightly raised blocks of three vertical bands separated by V shaped grooves. Triglyphs alternate with plain or sculptured panels, called *metopes.

    24. Vaults-TypesA masonry covering of an area which uses the principle of the arch

    25. Vault-BarrelA masonry vault of plain, semicircular cross section supported by parallel walls or arcades.

    26. Vault-GroinA compound vault in which barrel vaults intersect, forming groins.

    27. VoluteA spiral scroll, as on a Ionic or Corinthian column

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