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Steve Wheeler University of Plymouth (Based on a Lecture by Margaret Riel)

Sharing Minds Through Technology. Steve Wheeler University of Plymouth (Based on a Lecture by Margaret Riel). Mind sharing technology. Age of Pictograms Early times Age of Alphabets 1500 BC - 0 Age of Print 0-1800 AD Age of Graphics 19th Century Age of Communication 20th Century

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Steve Wheeler University of Plymouth (Based on a Lecture by Margaret Riel)

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  1. Sharing Minds Through Technology Steve Wheeler University of Plymouth (Based on a Lecture by Margaret Riel)

  2. Mind sharing technology • Age of Pictograms Early times • Age of Alphabets 1500 BC - 0 • Age of Print 0-1800 AD • Age of Graphics 19th Century • Age of Communication 20th Century • Age of Community Today

  3. History of mind sharing technology • Pictorial representation in the Age of Pictographs • Alphabetic representation of speech in the Age of Alphabets • Access to literacy in the Age of Print • Multi-sensory Recording in the Age of Graphics • Multi sensory interaction in the Age of Communication

  4. To record past events To compare predictions To adapt our behaviour To assert our rights, responsibilities, rules To solve problems & understand processes To celebrate our achievements To inspire new ideas and thoughts Why share minds?

  5. Why share minds over distance? • To co-ordinate behaviour • To provide for common needs • To announce public events • To express human empathy • To deliver information and news • To share observations • To warn of danger • To entertain?

  6. Problems when we share minds over distance • Reduced social cues • Changes in behaviour • Language and jargon problems • Breaches in ‘Netiquette’ • Misunderstandings • Technophobia • Transactional Distance

  7. Transactional Distance • Theory of Michael Moore (USA) • The psychological space between communicators • Two main variables • Dialogue and Structure • Interaction varies according to technology • Distance can be amplified of reduced

  8. Transactional Distance • As dialogue increases, structure decreases • As structure increases, dialogue decreases • The less dialogue and structure, the more ‘distance’ is experienced between communicators • The greater the ‘distance’ experienced, the more likely it will be that confusion and misunderstandingwill occur

  9. The age of Pictographs Cave Wall Pictographs 32000 Pictographs on… Clay tablets 3500 Animal hide 3500 Papyrus 2500 Carvings on bone 28000 1500 BC 35000 BC Messages by runners, horses ox-carts 4000 Telecommunication through shouting, whistling, music (flutes and drums), fire, torches, smoke 30000

  10. Shared minds in public spaces Renaissance Fresco Cave painting Billboards and Signs Egyptian Relief Roman Fresco NEON LIGHTS Worldboards 2000 0 30000 BC

  11. ABC The age of Alphabets Proto- Arabic Script 1300 Greek Phonetic Alphabet 775 Phoenician Alphabet 1500 Silk & Wood 400 Bamboo 500 0 1500 BC Semaphores 700 Greek System - Fire Beacons 500 Trumpets 405 Mirrors 280 Lighthouses (Fire) 40 Alphabet fire beacon signals

  12. Alphabets through time 1950: Computers Store 128 five letter words 1872: QWERTY keyboard typewriter Period of development of world Alphabets 1451: Printing press AD 2000 0 2000 BC 45: Fire beacon Alphabet systems 1608: Telescope with Alphabet code 1837: Morse code digitises Alphabet

  13. Gutenberg Press 1451 Writing Paper 105 Block Printing 700 Pencil 1565 The age of print Movable Type Clay China 1049 Steel Tip Pens 1780 Quill Pen 500 1800 0

  14. The 3 Hundred Year History of the Pencil Pencil With Eraser 1858 First graphite Pencil 1565 Eraser 1780 1900 1500 Removable pencil for the ‘common person’

  15. The Age of Graphics Mimeograph 1875 Cinematograph 1891 Typewriter 1860 Lithograph 1798 Photograph 1827 1900 1800 Microphone 1827 Radiograph 1886 Telephone 1876 Telegraph 1837 Phonograph 1877

  16. Storing Information through Time Computer stores 128 five letter words 1950 1 Mb Memory Chip 1984 Hypertext 1965 2000 1900 Transistor 1947 Microprocessor 1971 Microchip 1959

  17. The Age of Communication Computers 1948 Internet Web 1992 First Colour Movie 1924 Multi- User Spaces 1980 Radio 1905 Personal Computers 1976 2000 1900 Mobile Phones 1983 Arpanet 1969 E-mail 1980 Television 1927 Microprocessor 1971 Internet Phones 2000 Internet 1980

  18. Television Telephone Telephoto lens Tele-learning Tele-conferencing Tele-type Tele-commuting Tele-working Tele-teaching Tele-mentoring Tele-marketing Tele-printing Tele-immersion Tele-prompting Tele-community Tele-Tubbies! Examples of 20th Century 'Tele' Activities

  19. 21st Century - The Age of Communities Information In Place & Anyplace Worldboards Wearable Librariesof Information and Community Research Tools Multi-Media Representation in an Active World, Avatars Age of Pictographs Age of Print 2100 2000 Age of Graphics Speech to Text Text to Speech Language Translations Wireless, Seamless Communication Anytime, Anywhere, Any Group Age of Alphabet Age of Communication

  20. Creating Communities of Practice • Learning communities for students • Professional communities for teachers • Collaborative, distributed cognition

  21. Contact Details Steve Wheeler Senior Lecturer in Distance Education Graduate School University of Plymouth steve.wheeler@plymouth.ac.uk www2.plymouth.ac.uk/distancelearning/

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