PESTICIDES and Pest Management Paul Andre Missouri Department of Agriculture Pesticide Program

2. PESTICIDESand Pest ManagementPaul AndreMissouri Department of AgriculturePesticide Program

3. Regulatory Alphabet Soup EPANPSMCL HALTMDLNRCS FIFRASDWACWA MDNRFQPAMDA

4. Questions • MCLs Set Correctly? • Who Pays for Water Quality? • Significance of PPM,PPB,PPT?

5. Pesticide Laws • FIFRA • Missouri Pesticide Use Act • Missouri Pesticide Registration Act

6. Pesticide Laws • FIFRA is the federal law that regulates pesticide registration, use of restricted use pesticides and the certification of pesticide applicators • Missouri Pesticide Use Act is the Missouri statute that regulates the use of all pesticides and certification of pesticide applicators in Missouri • Missouri Pesticide Registration Act is the state statute that regulates the registration and sale of pesticides in Missouri

7. Water Quality Laws • CWA • SDWA • FQPA

8. Water Quality Laws • Clean Water Act gives EPA the authority to protect the waters of the U.S. • Safe Drinking Water Act sets a standard that water must meet before it can be commercially sold • Food Quality Protection Act limits the allowable human pesticide exposure

9. FQPA The Risk Cup Concept • Each use of a pesticide contributes a specific amount of exposure (risk) to humans. This is compared to the acceptable amount of risk (risk cup) which can not be exceeded. • If a pesticide has multiple uses, priority would be given to specific uses, e.g., crop production. As the risk cup fills, lower priority uses may be eliminated.

10. Before FQPA, each risk cup related only to the risks associated with food crops. • Under FQPA the risk cup must include risks associated with all uses including food, drinking water, use in and around homes, right-of-ways, golf courses, etc.

11. If two or more pesticides affect human health similarly, the concept of “cumulative risk” is applied. • FQPA requires the pesticides share a common risk cup. • If the pesticide effects children’s health, a 10X margin of safety is used (the risk cup is smaller).

12. Pesticides Agricultural Tools? Low Cost High Quality Food Supply

13. Pesticides Public Health Tools? Insect Control Disease Control Vector Control

14. Integrated Pest ManagementIPM: a balanced, tactical approach Anticipates and prevents damage Combines tactics Improves effectiveness Reduces side effects Relies on identification,measurement, assessment,and knowledge

15. Why Practice IPM? Maintains balanced ecosystems Pesticides may be ineffective or not needed Promotes a healthy environment Saves money Maintains a good public image

16. IPM Decisions Identify the pest and know its biology Monitor and survey for pests Set IPM goal: prevent, suppress, eradicate Implement Select control strategies Timing Economics Environmental impacts Regulatory restrictions Evaluate

17. Components of IPMIdentify and Understand Is it a pest, beneficial, or just there? Study pest biology Pest classification Life cycle Over-wintering stage Damage impacts Environmental needs Vulnerable control stages/timing

18. Components of IPMMonitor the Pest Use scouting, trapping, weather data, models Economics or aesthetics trigger need for action Pest population Beneficial population Geographic location Plant variety Plant type & stage of growth Cost of control measure(s) Value of plant or crop

19. Components of IPMDevelop the IPM Goal Prevention:weed-free seed, resistant plants, sanitation, exclusion, pesticide treatments Suppression (reduction):cultivation, biological control, pesticides Eradication (elimination):small, confined areas, or government programs

20. Components of IPMImplement the IPM Program Make sure you have taken initial steps Identification and monitoring Set action thresholds Know what control strategies will work Select effective and least harmful methods! Observe local, state, federal regulations!

21. Components of IPMRecord and Evaluate Results Know what worked and what did not Some aspects may be slow to yield results Might be ineffective or damaging to the target crop, beneficial insects, etc. Use gained knowledge in future planning efforts

22. Pesticide Use Considerations • Identify the pest and select the appropriate product • old or new infestation • Avoid developing resistant pest populations • If using pesticides, use the correct application rate (dose) and timing • Read and Follow the LABEL!

23. Pesticide ResistanceThe ability of a pest to tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it Intensive pesticide use kills susceptible pests in a population, leaving some resistant ones to reproduce • Use of similar modes of action • Frequency of applications • Persistence of the chemical • Pest rate of reproduction & offspring numbers

24. Resistance Management • Do not use products repeatedly that have similar modes of action • Allow some pests to survive • Limit treatment areas • Consider using lower dosages • Use caution: new compounds having very specific actions - may develop resistance more quickly • Use non-chemical means to control resistant pest populations

25. Solution? • Regulatory Approach?

26. Solution? Cooperative, Voluntary, Community (Watershed)-Based Approach?

27. Pesticide Program Missouri Dept. of Agriculture P.O. Box 630 Jefferson City, MO 65102 573.751.5504(V) 573.751.0005(F) www.mda.state.mo.us