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The Early 20th Century Expressionism - Ger. Hyperexpressive harmony Wide leaps in melody Instruments in extreme registers Schönberg, berg, Webern Neoclassicism Rid of program references - absolute music Craftsmanship and balance - classical forms Stravinsky, Prokofiev
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The Early 20th Century • Expressionism - Ger. • Hyperexpressive harmony • Wide leaps in melody • Instruments in extreme registers • Schönberg, berg, Webern • Neoclassicism • Rid of program references - absolute music • Craftsmanship and balance - classical forms • Stravinsky, Prokofiev
New Elements of Style • Rhythmic complexity - polyrhythms • Revitalization of rhythm • Physical power and drive • Melody - not conceived vocally • Not always primary element • Poltonality, polychords, polyharmony • Atonality • Serialism • 12 equal tones
New Elements of Style (cont.) • Texture - more linear - as opposed to lush harmony of 19th century • Instruments - more sparse • Strings no longer central • Emphasis on rhythm - percussion more prominent • Form - valued form above expression • Purity of line and proportion
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) • Report on Stravinsky by Ben Titus
Stravinsky - Petrushka, First Tableau (excerpt) • Puppet comes to life • Inspiration from folk tunes • Irregular meters and polyrhythms • Percussive harmony • Polyharmony - Petrushka chord (C + F#) • Genre - ballet • Vivace - rondo form (A B A C A B A)
Second Viennese School • Schönberg, Berg, Webern • Expressionism
Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951) • Report on Schönberg by Katie Thomas • Post Wagnerian Romanticism • Transfigured Night • Atonal expressionism • Pierrot lunaire • Twelve tone • Variations for Orchestra, Opus 31 • 12T with tonal implications • A Survivor from Warsaw
Schönberg - Pierrot lunaire • Sprechstimme • German translation of poems by Giraud • 21 poems - 3 groups of 7 • All in rondeau form • Song cycle • Sop/speaker and chamber ensemble (5) • Der Mondfleck • White spot - flickering effects in inst.